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ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Information leakage issues in machine learning-based Web applications have attracted increasing attention. While the risk of data privacy leakage has been rigorously analyzed, the theory of model function leakage, known as Model Extraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xinwei Zhang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Li Bai , Huadi Zheng

The paradigm of training models on massive data without label through self-supervised learning (SSL) and finetuning on many downstream tasks has become a trend recently. However, due to the high training costs and the unconsciousness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Qing Chang , Junran Peng , Lingxie Xie , Jiajun Sun , Haoran Yin , Qi Tian , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Today, machine learning is widely applied in sensitive, security-related, and financially lucrative applications. Model extraction attacks undermine current business models where a model owner sells model access, e.g., via MLaaS APIs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jonas Sander , Anja Rabich , Nick Mahling , Felix Maurer , Jonah Heller , Qifan Wang , Thomas Eisenbarth , David Oswald

Although increasingly training-expensive, most self-supervised learning (SSL) models have repeatedly been trained from scratch but not fully utilized, since only a few SOTAs are employed for downstream tasks. In this work, we explore a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Shanghua Gao , Pan Zhou , Ming-Ming Cheng , Shuicheng Yan

Audio deepfake model attribution aims to mitigate the misuse of synthetic speech by identifying the source model responsible for generating a given audio sample, enabling accountability and informing vendors. The task is challenging, but…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Gabriel Pîrlogeanu , Adriana Stan , Horia Cucu

In recent years, speech-based self-supervised learning (SSL) has made significant progress in various tasks, including automatic speech recognition (ASR). An ASR model with decent performance can be realized by fine-tuning an SSL model with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Zhisheng Zheng , Ziyang Ma , Yu Wang , Xie Chen

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) based models of speech have shown remarkable performance on a range of downstream tasks. These state-of-the-art models have remained blackboxes, but many recent studies have begun "probing" models like HuBERT,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Cheol Jun Cho , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Self-supervised pretraining is the method of choice for natural language processing models and is rapidly gaining popularity in many vision tasks. Recently, self-supervised pretraining has shown to outperform supervised pretraining for many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais , Ammarah Farooq , Zhenhua Feng , Josef Kittler

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a long-standing goal for speech processing, since it utilizes large-scale unlabeled data and avoids extensive human labeling. Recent years witness great successes in applying self-supervised learning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Chengyi Wang , Zhengyang Chen , Zhuo Chen , Shujie Liu , Jian Wu , Yao Qian , Furu Wei , Jinyu Li , Xiangzhan Yu

Target speech extraction (TSE) extracts the speech of a target speaker in a mixture given auxiliary clues characterizing the speaker, such as an enrollment utterance. TSE addresses thus the challenging problem of simultaneously performing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Marc Delcroix , Keisuke Kinoshita , Tsubasa Ochiai , Katerina Zmolikova , Hiroshi Sato , Tomohiro Nakatani

Self-supervised learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm. Compared to supervised learning which leverages high-quality labeled datasets, self-supervised learning relies on unlabeled datasets to pre-train powerful encoders which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Yang Zhang

Pre-trained large language models, such as GPT\nobreakdash-2 and BERT, are often fine-tuned to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a downstream task. One natural example is the ``Smart Reply'' application where a pre-trained model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bargav Jayaraman , Esha Ghosh , Melissa Chase , Sambuddha Roy , Wei Dai , David Evans

The utilization of speech Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models achieves impressive performance on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, in low-resource language ASR, they encounter the domain mismatch problem between pre-trained and…

Self-supervised learning in speech involves training a speech representation network on a large-scale unannotated speech corpus, and then applying the learned representations to downstream tasks. Since the majority of the downstream tasks…

In recent studies, self-supervised pre-trained models tend to outperform supervised pre-trained models in transfer learning. In particular, self-supervised learning (SSL) of utterance-level speech representation can be used in speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-11 Jaejin Cho , Jes'us Villalba , Laureano Moro-Velazquez , Najim Dehak

Machine learning (ML) models have been widely applied to various applications, including image classification, text generation, audio recognition, and graph data analysis. However, recent studies have shown that ML models are vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Hongsheng Hu , Zoran Salcic , Lichao Sun , Gillian Dobbie , Philip S. Yu , Xuyun Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) can be used to solve complex visual tasks without human labels. Self-supervised representations encode useful semantic information about images, and as a result, they have already been used for tasks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Paul Engstler , Luke Melas-Kyriazi , Christian Rupprecht , Iro Laina

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an active area of research which aims to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems. The current study proposes a methodology for integration of two key ideas: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Prakhar Swarup , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Ashtosh Sapru , Hitesh Tulsiani , Harish Arsikere , Sri Garimella

We introduce machine unlearning for speech tasks, a novel and underexplored research problem that aims to efficiently and effectively remove the influence of specific data from trained speech models without full retraining. This has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri