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Deriving sharp and computable upper bounds of the Lipschitz constant of deep neural networks is crucial to formally guarantee the robustness of neural-network based models. We analyse three existing upper bounds written for the $l^2$ norm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Moreno Pintore , Bruno Després

Deep neural networks are notorious for being sensitive to small well-chosen perturbations, and estimating the regularity of such architectures is of utmost importance for safe and robust practical applications. In this paper, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Kevin Scaman , Aladin Virmaux

Lipschitz constants are connected to many properties of neural networks, such as robustness, fairness, and generalization. Existing methods for computing Lipschitz constants either produce relatively loose upper bounds or are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Zhouxing Shi , Yihan Wang , Huan Zhang , Zico Kolter , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Obtaining sharp Lipschitz constants for feed-forward neural networks is essential to assess their robustness in the face of perturbations of their inputs. We derive such constants in the context of a general layered network model involving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Patrick L. Combettes , Jean-Christophe Pesquet

Knowledge distillation has become one of the most important model compression techniques by distilling knowledge from larger teacher networks to smaller student ones. Although great success has been achieved by prior distillation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Yuzhang Shang , Bin Duan , Ziliang Zong , Liqiang Nie , Yan Yan

Lipschitz constants of neural networks allow for guarantees of robustness in image classification, safety in controller design, and generalizability beyond the training data. As calculating Lipschitz constants is NP-hard, techniques for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Anton Xue , Lars Lindemann , Alexander Robey , Hamed Hassani , George J. Pappas , Rajeev Alur

Extracting dynamic models from data is of enormous importance in understanding the properties of unknown systems. In this work, we employ Lipschitz neural networks, a class of neural networks with a prescribed upper bound on their Lipschitz…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Shiqing Wei , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

Robustness certification against bounded input noise or adversarial perturbations is increasingly important for deployment recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in safety-critical control applications. To address this challenge, we present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Paul Hamelbeck , Johannes Schiffer

This paper is concerned with the computation of the local Lipschitz constant of feedforward neural networks (FNNs) with activation functions being rectified linear units (ReLUs). The local Lipschitz constant of an FNN for a target input is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Yoshio Ebihara , Xin Dai , Victor Magron , Dimitri Peaucelle , Sophie Tarbouriech

Despite the large success of deep neural networks (DNN) in recent years, most neural networks still lack mathematical guarantees in terms of stability. For instance, DNNs are vulnerable to small or even imperceptible input perturbations, so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Leon Bungert , René Raab , Tim Roith , Leo Schwinn , Daniel Tenbrinck

In this paper, we introduce convolutional proximal neural networks (cPNNs), which are by construction averaged operators. For filters of full length, we propose a stochastic gradient descent algorithm on a submanifold of the Stiefel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Johannes Hertrich , Sebastian Neumayer , Gabriele Steidl

The Lipschitz constant of a neural network is connected to several important properties of the network such as its robustness and generalization. It is thus useful in many settings to estimate the Lipschitz constant of a model. Prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Giannis Nikolentzos , Konstantinos Skianis

Due to their susceptibility to adversarial perturbations, neural networks (NNs) are hardly used in safety-critical applications. One measure of robustness to such perturbations in the input is the Lipschitz constant of the input-output map…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Patricia Pauli , Anne Koch , Julian Berberich , Paul Kohler , Frank Allgöwer

It is well established that to ensure or certify the robustness of a neural network, its Lipschitz constant plays a prominent role. However, its calculation is NP-hard. In this note, by taking into account activation regions at each layer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Mohammed Sbihi , Sophie Jan , Nicolas Couellan

Optimizing deep neural networks is largely thought to be an empirical process, requiring manual tuning of several hyper-parameters, such as learning rate, weight decay, and dropout rate. Arguably, the learning rate is the most important of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Rahul Yedida , Snehanshu Saha , Tejas Prashanth

Lipschitz constants of neural networks have been explored in various contexts in deep learning, such as provable adversarial robustness, estimating Wasserstein distance, stabilising training of GANs, and formulating invertible neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Hyunjik Kim , George Papamakarios , Andriy Mnih

This note shows that, for a fixed Lipschitz constant $L > 0$, one layer neural networks that are $L$-Lipschitz are dense in the set of all $L$-Lipschitz functions with respect to the uniform norm on bounded sets.

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Stephan Eckstein

Since the Lipschitz properties of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely considered to be related to adversarial robustness, we theoretically characterize the $\ell_1$ norm and $\ell_\infty$ norm of 2D multi-channel convolutional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Youwei Liang , Dong Huang

Viewing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as continuous-time dynamical systems, we propose a recurrent unit that describes the hidden state's evolution with two parts: a well-understood linear component plus a Lipschitz nonlinearity. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 N. Benjamin Erichson , Omri Azencot , Alejandro Queiruga , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney

Drinking water distribution networks (WDN) are large-scale, dynamic systems spanning large geographic areas. Water networks include various components such as junctions, reservoirs, tanks, pipes, pumps, and valves. Hydraulic models for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Ramsey Shadfan , Shen Wang , Sebastian A. Nugroho , Fengxin Chen , Ahmad F. Taha