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In this paper we present RTMML, a markup language for the tenses of verbs and temporal relations between verbs. There is a richness to tense in language that is not fully captured by existing temporal annotation schemata. Following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-03-23 Leon Derczynski , Robert Gaizauskas

We introduce a compressed suffix array representation that, on a text $T$ of length $n$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, can be built in $O(n)$ deterministic time, within $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of working space, and counts the number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-05 J. Ian Munro , Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich

The Cayley table representation of a group uses $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ words for a group of order $n$ and answers multiplication queries in time $\mathcal{O}(1)$. It is interesting to ask if there is a $o(n^2)$ space representation of groups…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Bireswar Das , Shivdutt Sharma , P. R. Vaidyanathan

We find a countable partition $P$ on\textbf{} a Lebesgue space, labeled $\{1,2,3...$\}, for any non-periodic measure preserving transformation $T$ such that $P$ generates $T$ and for the $T,P$ process, if you see an $n$ on time -1 then you…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-08-30 Steven Kalikow

At the present scenario of the internet, there exist many optimization techniques to improve the Web speed but almost expensive in terms of bandwidth. So after a long investigation on different techniques to compress the data without any…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Hemant Kumar Saini , Satpal Singh Kushwaha , C. Rama Krishna

Strong convergence and convergence in probability were generalized to the setting of a Riesz space with conditional expectation operator, T, in [Y. Azouzi, W.-C. Kuo, K. Ramdane, B. A. Watson, Convergence in Riesz spaces with conditional…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Anke Kalauch , Wenchi Kuo , Bruce Watson

Quickly convergent series are given to compute polyzeta numbers. The formula involves an intricate combination of (generalized) polylogarithms at 1/2. However, the combinatorics has a very simple geometric interpretation: it corresponds…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-03 Olivier Mathieu

We introduce and investigate a number of fragments of propo- sitional temporal logic LTL over the flow of time (Z, <). The fragments are defined in terms of the available temporal operators and the structure of the clausal normal form of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-11 A. Artale , R. Kontchakov , V. Ryzhikov , M. Zakharyaschev

In this paper we initiate the study of the computational complexity of learning linear temporal logic (LTL) formulas from examples. We construct approximation algorithms for fragments of LTL and prove hardness results; in particular we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Guillaume Lagarde

We consider the problem of constructing a sparse suffix tree (or suffix array) for $b$ suffixes of a given text $T$ of size $n$, using only $O(b)$ words of space during construction time. Breaking the naive bound of $\Omega(nb)$ time for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-06 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Benjamin Sach , Hjalte Wedel Vildhøj

An LZ-like factorization of a string divides it into factors, each being either a single character or a copy of a preceding substring. While grammar-based compression schemes support efficient random access with space linear in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hiroki Shibata , Yuto Nakashima , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Shunsuke Inenaga

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist scientists across diverse workflows. A key challenge is generating high-quality figures from textual descriptions, often represented as TikZ programs that can be rendered as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Christian Greisinger , Steffen Eger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming recommendation from ranking into a generative task, but industrial deployment remains limited by the high latency of processing long, personalized prompts. Standard prefix caching provides…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhan Zhao , Yuxin Wang , Amelie Chi Zhou

Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training has emerged as the dominant paradigm for eliciting mathematical reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet prevailing techniques such as GRPO and DAPO distribute rollout and gradient budgets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Peng Cui , Boyao Yang , Jun Zhu

Time series data is fundamental to decision-making across many domains including healthcare, finance, power systems, and logistics. However, analyzing this data correctly often requires incorporating unstructured contextual information,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Parker , Nimeesha Chan , Chi Zhang , Kimia Ghobadi

The Sliding Window Lempel-Ziv (SWLZ) algorithm that makes use of recurrence times and match lengths has been studied from various perspectives in information theory literature. In this paper, we undertake a finer study of these quantities…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Siddharth Jain , R. K. Bansal

Given a sequence of integers, we want to find a longest increasing subsequence of the sequence. It is known that this problem can be solved in $O(n \log n)$ time and space. Our goal in this paper is to reduce the space consumption while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Masashi Kiyomi , Hirotaka Ono , Yota Otachi , Pascal Schweitzer , Jun Tarui

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, they are not without their flaws and inaccuracies. Recent studies have introduced various methods to mitigate these limitations. Temporal reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Siheng Xiong , Ali Payani , Ramana Kompella , Faramarz Fekri

Empirical understanding teaches us that space is three dimensional while relativity merges space with time. We tried to show that it is possible to model space as three complex coordinates. In our construction, the usual spatial coordinate…

General Physics · Physics 2012-07-17 Ki Cheong Wong , Pui Ling Yu

In this paper, we propose a novel one-pass and tree-shaped tableau method for Timed Propositional Temporal Logic and for a bounded variant of its extension with past operators. Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) is a real-time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Luca Geatti , Nicola Gigante , Angelo Montanari , Mark Reynolds