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Existing work on prompt compression for Large Language Models (LLM) focuses on lossy methods that try to maximize the retention of semantic information that is relevant to downstream tasks while significantly reducing the sequence length.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 John Harvill , Ziwei Fan , Hao Wang , Luke Huan , Anoop Deoras , Yizhou Sun , Hao Ding

The advent of massive datasets (and the consequent design of high-performing distributed storage systems) have reignited the interest of the scientific and engineering community towards the design of lossless data compressors which achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Andrea Farruggia , Paolo Ferragina , Antonio Frangioni , Rossano Venturini

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

It is known [DemriSchnoebelen02] that both satisfiability and model-checking problems for propositional Linear-time Temporal Logic, LTL, with only a single propositional variable in the language are PSPACE-complete, which coincides with the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Mikhail Rybakov , Dmitry Shkatov

For many kinds of prefix-free codes there are efficient and compact alternatives to the traditional tree-based representation. Since these put the codes into canonical form, however, they can only be used when we can choose the order in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Antonio Fariña , Travis Gagie , Szymon Grabowski , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Alberto Ordóñez

We introduce Electric, an energy-based cloze model for representation learning over text. Like BERT, it is a conditional generative model of tokens given their contexts. However, Electric does not use masking or output a full distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Kevin Clark , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le , Christopher D. Manning

Under the word RAM model, we design three data structures that can be constructed in $O(n\sqrt{\lg n})$ time over $n$ points in an $n \times n$ grid. The first data structure is an $O(n\lg^{\epsilon} n)$-word structure supporting orthogonal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Younan Gao , Meng He , Yakov Nekrich

Large language models encode extensive world knowledge valuable for zero-shot named entity recognition. However, their causal attention mechanism, where tokens attend only to preceding context, prevents effective token classification when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ahmed Ewais , Ahmed Hashish , Amr Ali

This paper gives new results for synchronization strings, a powerful combinatorial object that allows to efficiently deal with insertions and deletions in various communication settings: $\bullet$ We give a deterministic, linear time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Bernhard Haeupler , Amirbehshad Shahrasbi

We introduce a new class of straight-line programs (SLPs), named the Lyndon SLP, inspired by the Lyndon trees (Barcelo, 1990). Based on this SLP, we propose a self-index data structure of $O(g)$ words of space that can be built from a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Kazuya Tsuruta , Dominik Köppl , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Given a string $T$ of length $n$ over an alphabet $\Sigma\subset \{1,2,\ldots,n^{O(1)}\}$ of size $\sigma$, we are to preprocess $T$ so that given a range $[i,j]$, we can return a representation of a shortest string over $\Sigma$ that is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Golnaz Badkobeh , Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Dmitry Kosolobov , Solon P. Pissis

Gagie, Navarro and Prezza's $r$-index (SODA, 2018) promises to speed up DNA alignment and variation calling by allowing us to index entire genomic databases, provided certain obstacles can be overcome. In this paper we first strengthen and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Hideo Bannai , Travis Gagie , Tomohiro I

Let $T$ be a string of length $n$ over an integer alphabet of size $\sigma$. In the word RAM model, $T$ can be represented in $O(n /\log_\sigma n)$ space. We show that a representation of all covers of $T$ can be computed in the optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jakub Radoszewski , Wiktor Zuba

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, yet this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient test-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

We study an extension of $\mtl$ in pointwise time with rational expression guarded modality $\reg_I(\re)$ where $\re$ is a rational expression over subformulae. We study the decidability and expressiveness of this extension ($\mtl$+$\varphi…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Shankara Narayanan Krishna , Khushraj Madnani , P. K. Pandya

Previous works in zero-shot text-to-speech (ZS-TTS) have attempted to enhance its systems by enlarging the training data through crowd-sourcing or augmenting existing speech data. However, the use of low-quality data has led to a decline in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-23 Jae-Sung Bae , Joun Yeop Lee , Ji-Hyun Lee , Seongkyu Mun , Taehwa Kang , Hoon-Young Cho , Chanwoo Kim

Re-Pair is an effective grammar-based compression scheme achieving strong compression rates in practice. Let $n$, $\sigma$, and $d$ be the text length, alphabet size, and dictionary size of the final grammar, respectively. In their original…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-07 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Nicola Prezza

In pattern matching on strings, a locate query asks for an enumeration of all the occurrences of a given pattern in a given text. The r-index [Gagie et al., 2018] is a recently presented compressed self index that stores the text and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Patrick Dinklage , Johannes Fischer , Lukas Nalbach , Jan Zumbrink

We show that the compressed suffix array and the compressed suffix tree for a string of length $n$ over an integer alphabet of size $\sigma\leq n$ can both be built in $O(n)$ (randomized) time using only $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of working…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Djamal Belazzougui

Lyndon factorization and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) factorization are both important tools for analysing the structure and complexity of strings, but their combinatorial structure is very different. In this paper, we establish the first direct…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Yuto Nakashima , Simon J. Puglisi , Arseny M. Shur