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One relevant aspect in the development of the Semantic Web framework is the achievement of a real inter-agents communication capability at the semantic level. Agents should be able to communicate with each other freely using different…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Idoia Berges , Jesús Bermúdez , Alfredo Goñi , Arantza Illarramendi

Access to justice remains a global challenge, with many citizens still finding it difficult to seek help from the justice system when facing legal issues. Although the internet provides abundant legal information and services, navigating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jinzhe Tan , Karim Benyekhlef

In the legal domain it is important to differentiate between words in general, and afterwards to link the occurrences of the same entities. The topic to solve these challenges is called Named-Entity Linking (NEL). Current supervised neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Ahmed Elnaggar , Robin Otto , Florian Matthes

The growth of pending legal cases in populous countries, such as India, has become a major issue. Developing effective techniques to process and understand legal documents is extremely useful in resolving this problem. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Xin Jin , Yuchen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have precipitated a dramatic improvement in the legal domain, yet the deployment of standalone models faces significant limitations regarding hallucination, outdated information, and verifiability. Recently, LLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shuang Liu , Ruijia Zhang , Ruoyun Ma , Yujia Deng , Lanyi Zhu , Jiayu Li , Zelong Li , Zhibin Shen , Mengnan Du

Contracts are complex documents featuring detailed formal structures, explicit and implicit dependencies and rich semantic content. Given these document properties, contract drafting and manual examination of contracts have proven to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Moriya Dechtiar , Daniel Martin Katz , Mari Sundaresan , Sylvain Jaume , Hongming Wang

In recent years, thanks to breakthroughs in neural network techniques especially attentive deep learning models, natural language processing has made many impressive achievements. However, automated legal word processing is still a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Ha-Thanh Nguyen

Interacting with the legal system and the government requires the assembly and analysis of various pieces of information that can be spread across different (paper) documents, such as forms, certificates and contracts (e.g. leases). This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka

Three publicly-available LLM specifically designed for legal tasks have been implemented and shown that classification accuracy can benefit from training over legal corpora, but why and how? Here we use two publicly-available legal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Richard K. Belew

Legal texts routinely use concepts that are difficult to understand. Lawyers elaborate on the meaning of such concepts by, among other things, carefully investigating how have they been used in past. Finding text snippets that mention a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Jaromir Savelka , Kevin D. Ashley

Legal case retrieval aims to help legal workers find relevant cases related to their cases at hand, which is important for the guarantee of fairness and justice in legal judgments. While recent advances in neural retrieval methods have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Yueyue Wu , Yixiao Ma , Haitao Li , Yiqun Liu , Zhijing Wu , Min Zhang

Recent research on fine-tuning vision-language models has demonstrated impressive performance in various downstream tasks. However, the challenge of obtaining accurately labeled data in real-world applications poses a significant obstacle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tong Wei , Hao-Tian Li , Chun-Shu Li , Jiang-Xin Shi , Yu-Feng Li , Min-Ling Zhang

Deception detection is of great significance for ensuring information security and conducting public opinion analysis, with personality factors and emotion cues playing a critical role. However, existing methods lack sample-level dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Li Zheng , Yanyi Luo , Hao Fei , Yuzhe Ding , Yujie Huang , Fei Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

This study proposes a novel way of identifying the sentiment of the phrases used in the legal domain. The added complexity of the language used in law, and the inability of the existing systems to accurately predict the sentiments of words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Viraj Gamage , Menuka Warushavithana , Nisansa de Silva , Amal Shehan Perera , Gathika Ratnayaka , Thejan Rupasinghe

Financial fraud detection in real-world scenarios presents significant challenges due to the subtlety and dispersion of evidence across complex, multi-year financial disclosures. In this work, we introduce a novel multi-agent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Songran Bai , Bingzhe Wu , Yiwei Zhang , Chengke Wu , Xiaolong Zheng , Yaze Yuan , Ke Wu , Jianqiang Li

Comprehending long visual documents, where information is distributed across extensive pages of text and visual elements, is a critical but challenging task for modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Existing approaches falter on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Dawei Zhu , Rui Meng , Jiefeng Chen , Sujian Li , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

We introduce a new domain expert mixture (DEMix) layer that enables conditioning a language model (LM) on the domain of the input text. A DEMix layer is a collection of expert feedforward networks, each specialized to a domain, that makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Suchin Gururangan , Mike Lewis , Ari Holtzman , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Multimodal Stance Detection (MSD) is crucial for understanding public discourse, yet effectively fusing text and image, especially with conflicting signals, remains challenging. Existing methods often face difficulties with contextual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Weihai Lu , Zhejun Zhao , Yanshu Li , Huan He

Normative reasoning is a type of reasoning that involves normative or deontic modality, such as obligation and permission. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kentaro Ozeki , Risako Ando , Takanobu Morishita , Hirohiko Abe , Koji Mineshima , Mitsuhiro Okada

Legal consultation is essential for safeguarding individual rights and ensuring access to justice, yet remains costly and inaccessible to many individuals due to the shortage of professionals. While recent advances in Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weikang Yuan , Kaisong Song , Zhuoren Jiang , Junjie Cao , Yujie Zhang , Jun Lin , Kun Kuang , Ji Zhang , Xiaozhong Liu
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