English
Related papers

Related papers: Biquandle Arrow Weight Enhacements

200 papers

We introduce the notion of mc-biquandles, algebraic structures which have possibly distinct biquandle operations at single-component and multi-component crossings. These structures provide computable homset invariants for classical and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Seonmi Choi , Sam Nelson

We enhance the biquandle counting invariant using elements of truncated biquandle-labeled Polyak algebras. These finite type enhancements reduce to the finite type enhancements defined by Goussarov, Polyak and Viro for the trivial biquandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Sam Nelson

The involutory birack counting invariant is an integer-valued invariant of unoriented tangles defined by counting homomorphisms from the fundamental involutory birack of the tangle to a finite involutory birack over a set of framings modulo…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Sam Nelson , Veronica Rivera

We introduce several algebraic structures related to handlebody-knots, including $G$-families of biquandles, partially multiplicative biquandles and group decomposable biquandles. These structures can be used to color the semiarcs in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Atsushi Ishii , Sam Nelson

In [14], the second named author constructed the bracket invariant [.] of virtual knots valued in pictures (linear combinations of virtual knot diagrams with some crossing information omitted), such that for many diagrams K, the following…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Denis P. Ilyutko , Vassily O. Manturov

We enhance the quandle counting invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links using a construction similar to quandle modules but inspired by symplectic quandle operations rather than Alexander quandle operations. Given a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Will Gilroy , Sam Nelson

Let $A$ be a noetherian connected graded algebra. We introduce and study homological invariants that are weighted sums of the homological and internal degrees of cochain complexes of graded $A$-modules, providing weighted versions of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-06-12 Ellen Kirkman , Robert Won , James J. Zhang

We investigate connections between biquandle colorings, quiver enhancements, and several notions of the bridge numbers $b_i(K)$ for virtual links, where $i=1,2$. We show that for any positive integers $m \leq n$, there exists a virtual link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Tirasan Khandhawit , Puttipong Pongtanapaisan , Brandon Wang

We bring cocycle enhancement theory to the case of psyquandles. Analogously to our previous work on virtual biquandle cocycle enhancements, we define enhancements of the psyquandle counting invariant via pairs of a biquandle 2-cocycle and a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-10-01 Jose Ceniceros , Sam Nelson

In this paper, we consider biquandle colorings for knotoids in $\mathbb{R}^2$ or $S^2$ and we construct several coloring invariants for knotoids derived as enhancements of the biquandle counting invariant. We first enhance the biquandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-28 Neslihan Gügümcü , Sam Nelson

We define enhancements of the quandle counting invariant for knots and links with a finite labeling quandle Q embedded in the quandle of units of a Lie algebra \mathfrak{a} using Lie ideals. We provide examples demonstrating that the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-07-29 Gillian Roxanne Grindstaff , Sam Nelson

We introduce two new families of polynomial invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links defined as decategorfications of the quandle coloring quiver. We provide examples to illustrate the computation of the invariants, show…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Anusha Kabra , Sam Nelson

In this paper, we describe a natural method to extend left invariant weights on C*-algebraic quantum groups. This method is then used to improve the left invariance property of a left invariant weight. We also prove some kind of uniqueness…

funct-an · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Johan Kustermans

We consider a quiver structure on the set of quandle colorings of an oriented knot or link diagram. This structure contains a wealth of knot and link invariants and provides a categorification of the quandle counting invariant in the most…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Karina Cho , Sam Nelson

We prove that if a finite order knot invariant does not distinguish mutant knots, then the corresponding weight system depends on the intersection graph of a chord diagram rather than on the diagram itself. The converse statement is easy…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-20 S. V. Chmutov , S. K. Lando

We describe a way of representing finite biquandles with n elements as 2n x 2n block matrices. Any finite biquandle defines an invariant of virtual knots through counting homomorphisms. The counting invariants of non-quandle biquandles can…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sam Nelson , John Vo

We investigate the relationship between the quandle and biquandle coloring invariant and obtain an enhancement of the quandle and biquandle coloring invariants using biquandle structures. We also continue the study of biquandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Eva Horvat , Alissa S. Crans

In this paper, we introduce invariants of virtual knotoids based on biquandles and biquandle virtual brackets. We show that one of these invariants, namely biquandle virtual bracket matrix, is a proper enhancement of the other invariants…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Neslihan Gügümcü , Hamdi Kayaslan

Quandle 2-cocycles define invariants of classical and virtual knots, and extensions of quandles. We show that the quandle 2-cocycle invariant with respect to a non-trivial $2$-cocycle is constant, or takes some other restricted form, for…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-22 W. Edwin Clark , Masahico Saito

We describe recent achievements in the theory of weight systems, which are functions on chord diagrams satisfying so-called $4$-term relations. Our main attention is devoted to constructions of weight systems. The two main sources of these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-24 Maxim Kazaryan , Sergei Lando