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Quantum mechanics is widely regarded as a complete theory, yet we argue it is a tractable projection of a deeper, computationally-inaccessible classical variational structure. By analyzing the coupled partial differential equations of the…

General Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Khaled Mnaymneh

It is demonstrated that, making minimal changes in ordinary quantum mechanics, a reasonable irreversible quantum mechanics can be obtained. This theory has a more general spectral decompositions, with eigenvectors corresponding to unstable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mario Castagnino , Roberto Laura

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is reformulated here based on the idea that relational properties among quantum systems, instead of the independent properties of a quantum system, are the most fundamental elements to construct quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Jianhao M. Yang

After a brief historical perspective, we introduce the key notions of work and heat for quantum systems, to then apply them to quantum engines operating on quantum Otto and Carnot cycles. The irreversible and dissipative character of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Camille L Latune

We model the dynamics of a closed quantum system brought out of mechanical equilibrium, undergoing a non-driven, spontaneous, thermodynamic transformation. In particular, we consider a quantum particle in a box with a moving and insulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-21 Sofia Sgroi , Mauro Paternostro

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. Of particular practical relevance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-23 Patrick P. Potts

We examine quantum normal typicality and ergodicity properties for quantum systems whose dynamics are generated by Hamiltonians which have residual degeneracy in their spectrum and resonance in their energy gaps. Such systems can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-06 Pouya Asadi , Faraj Bakhshinezhad , Ali T. Rezakhani

We discuss the thermodynamics of closed quantum systems driven out of equilibrium by a change in a control parameter and undergoing a unitary process. We compare the work actually done on the system with the one that would be performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 F. Plastina , A. Alecce , T. J. G. Apollaro , G. Falcone , G. Francica , F. Galve , N. Lo Gullo , R. Zambrini

This is a review paper concerned with the global consistency of the quantum dynamics of non-commutative systems. Our point of departure is the theory of constrained systems, since it provides a unified description of the classical and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 F. S. Bemfica , H. O. Girotti

Many fruitful analogies have emerged between the theories of quantum entanglement and thermodynamics, motivating the pursuit of an axiomatic description of entanglement akin to the laws of thermodynamics. A long-standing open problem has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-17 Ludovico Lami , Bartosz Regula

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics for a free particle is shown to emerge from classical mechanics through an invariance principle under transformations that preserve the Heisenberg position-momentum inequality. These transformations are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Leon Brenig

We develop a general theory describing the thermodynamical behavior of open quantum systems coupled to thermal baths beyond perturbation theory. Our approach is based on the exact time-local quantum master equation for the reduced open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Alessandra Colla , Heinz-Peter Breuer

We investigate the thermodynamic behavior of open quantum systems through the Hamiltonian of Mean Force, focusing on two models: a two-qubit system interacting with a thermal bath and a Jaynes-Cummings Model without the rotating wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Neha Pathania , Devvrat Tiwari , Subhashish Banerjee

Quantum systems are by their very nature fragile. The fundamental backaction on a state due to quantum measurement notwithstanding, there is also in practice often a destruction of the system itself due to the means of measurement. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Thomas J. Elliott , Mile Gu , Jayne Thompson , Nana Liu

The internal energy of individual subsystems is not well defined in interacting quantum systems, leading to ambiguities in the definition of thermodynamic quantities. Applying the Schmidt basis formalism to general bipartite autonomous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Fabricio Toscano , Diego A. Wisniacki

Quantum thermodynamics aims at investigating both the emergence and the limits of the laws of thermodynamics from a quantum mechanical microscopic approach. In this scenario, thermodynamic processes with no heat exchange, namely, adiabatic…

Thermalization of isolated quantum systems has been studied intensively in recent years and significant progresses have been achieved. Here, we study thermalization of small quantum systems that interact with large chaotic environments…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-05 Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang , Jiao Wang

Accurately describing work extraction from a quantum system is a central objective for the extension of thermodynamics to individual quantum systems. The concepts of work and heat are surprisingly subtle when generalizations are made to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 Felix C. Binder , Sai Vinjanampathy , Kavan Modi , John Goold

A generalization of the Gibbs-von Neumann relative entropy is proposed based on the quantum BBGKY [Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon] hierarchy as the nonequilibrium entropy for an N-body system. By using a generalization of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Perez-Madrid

Analyzing the dynamics of open quantum systems has a long history in mathematics and physics. Depending on the system at hand, basic physical phenomena that one would like to explain are, for example, convergence to equilibrium, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Laurent Bruneau , Alain Joye , Marco Merkli