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We introduce a graph Ramsey game called Ramsey, Paper, Scissors. This game has two players, Proposer and Decider. Starting from an empty graph on $n$ vertices, on each turn Proposer proposes a potential edge and Decider simultaneously…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Jacob Fox , Xiaoyu He , Yuval Wigderson

The induced Ramsey number $r_{\mathrm{ind}}(G,H)$ is defined as the minimum order of a graph $F$ on such that any 2-coloring of its edges with red and blue leads to either a red induced copy of $G$ or a blue induced copy of $H$. Motivated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Chuang Zhong , Masaki Kashima , Yaping Mao , Yan Zhao

The $q$-color Ramsey number of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that any $q$-coloring of the complete $k$-uniform hypergraph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The study of these numbers is one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Domagoj Bradač , Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov

Burr and Erd\H{o}s in 1975 conjectured, and Chv\'atal, R\"odl, Szemer\'edi and Trotter later proved, that the Ramsey number of any bounded degree graph is linear in the number of vertices. In this paper, we disprove the natural directed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Jacob Fox , Xiaoyu He , Yuval Wigderson

Given a pair of graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the smallest $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. If a graph $G$ is connected, it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-09 Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

Given a hypergraph $H$, the size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}_2(H)$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$ edges with the property that in any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Jie Han , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Shoham Letzter , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Olaf Parczyk

Given graphs $G, H$ and an integer $q \ge 2$, the generalized Ramsey number, denoted $r(G,H,q)$, is the minimum number of colours needed to edge-colour $G$ such that every copy of $H$ receives at least $q$ colours. In this paper, we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-06 Andrew Lane , Natasha Morrison

The size-Ramsey number of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edges in a graph $H$ such that every 2-edge-coloring of $H$ yields a monochromatic copy of $G$. Size-Ramsey numbers of graphs have been studied for almost 40 years with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-24 Andrzej Dudek , Steven La Fleur , Dhruv Mubayi , Vojtech Rodl

The size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}(H)$ of a graph $H$ is the smallest number of edges a (host) graph $G$ can have, such that for any red/blue colouring of $G$, there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in $G$. Recently, Conlon, Nenadov and Truji\'c…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Nemanja Draganić , Kalina Petrova

The generalized Ramsey number $R(G_1, G_2)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ either contains a red copy of $G_1$ or a blue copy of $G_2$. Let $C_m$ denote a cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-26 Ryan Alweiss

Given a positive integer $s$, a graph $G$ is $s$-Ramsey for a graph $H$, denoted $G\rightarrow (H)_s$, if every $s$-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. The $s$-colour size-Ramsey number ${\hat{r}}_s(H)$ of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-05 Jie Han , Matthew Jenssen , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Guilherme Oliveira Mota , Barnaby Roberts

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, the {Ramsey number} $R(G,H)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that every 2-coloring of the edges of $K_{N}$ contains either a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Let $K_{N-1}\sqcup K_{1,k}$ be the graph obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Taiping Jiang , Xinmin Hou

Let $R(C_n)$ be the Ramsey number of the cycle on $n$ vertices. We prove that, for some $C > 0$, with high probability every $2$-colouring of the edges of $G(N,p)$ has a monochromatic copy of $C_n$, as long as $N\geq R(C_n) + C/p$ and $p…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Pedro Araújo , Matías Pavez-Signé , Nicolás Sanhueza-Matamala

Given graphs $G$ and $H$, we say that $G$ is $H$-$good$ if the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ equals the trivial lower bound $(|G| - 1)(\chi(H) - 1) + \sigma(H)$, where $\chi(H)$ denotes the usual chromatic number of $H$, and $\sigma(H)$ denotes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Fábio Botler , Luiz Moreira , João Pedro de Souza

Let $G$ and $H$ be finite graphs. If for any two-coloring of the edges of a complete graph $K_n$, there is a copy of $G$ in the first color, red, or a copy of $H$ in the second color, blue, we will say $K_n\rightarrow (G,H)$. The Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Chula J. Jayawardene , W. Chandanie W. Navaratna , J. N. Senadheera

The Strong Ramsey game $\mathcal{R}(B,G)$ is a two player game with players $P_1$ and $P_2$, where $B$ and $G$ are $k$-uniform hypergraphs for some $k \geq 2$. $G$ is always finite, while $B$ may be infinite. $P_1$ and $P_2$ alternately…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Nathan Bowler , Henri Ortmüller

The strong Ramsey game $R(\mathcal{B}, H)$ is a two-player game played on a graph $\mathcal{B}$, referred to as the board, with a target graph $H$. In this game, two players, $P_1$ and $P_2$, alternately claim unclaimed edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Jiangdong Ai , Jun Gao , Zixiang Xu , Xin Yan

In this paper we prove a new result about partitioning coloured complete graphs and use it to determine certain Ramsey numbers exactly. The partitioning theorem we prove is that for k at least 1, in every edge colouring of a complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-17 Alexey Pokrovskiy

The Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the minimum $N$ such that for every red-blue coloring of the $k$-tuples of $\{1,\ldots, N\}$, there are $s$ integers such that every $k$-tuple among them is red, or $n$ integers such that every $k$-tuple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk

We show that the size-Ramsey number of any cubic graph with $n$ vertices is $O(n^{8/5})$, improving a bound of $n^{5/3 + o(1)}$ due to Kohayakawa, R\"{o}dl, Schacht, and Szemer\'{e}di. The heart of the argument is to show that there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-25 David Conlon , Rajko Nenadov , Miloš Trujić
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