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Autonomous driving promises safer roads, reduced congestion, and improved mobility, yet validating these systems across diverse conditions remains a major challenge. Real-world testing is expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes unsafe,…

A trust-aware safe control system for autonomous navigation in the presence of humans, specifically pedestrians, is presented. The system combines model predictive control (MPC) with control barrier functions (CBFs) and trust estimation to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Saad Ejaz , Masaki Inoue

In this work the problem of path planning for an autonomous vehicle that moves on a freeway is considered. The most common approaches that are used to address this problem are based on optimal control methods, which make assumptions about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Konstantinos Makantasis , Maria Kontorinaki , Ioannis Nikolos

A key factor to optimal acceptance and comfort of automated vehicle features is the driving style. Mismatches between the automated and the driver preferred driving styles can make users take over more frequently or even disable the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Zhaobo K. Zheng , Kumar Akash , Teruhisa Misu , Vidya Krishmoorthy , Miaomiao Dong , Yuni Lee , Gaojian Huang

Safe and efficient autonomous driving maneuvers in an interactive and complex environment can be considerably challenging due to the unpredictable actions of other surrounding agents that may be cooperative or adversarial in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan , Hanhan Li

Recently significant progress has been made in vehicle prediction and planning algorithms for autonomous driving. However, it remains quite challenging for an autonomous vehicle to plan its trajectory in complex scenarios when it is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Xiangguo Liu , Ruochen Jiao , Yixuan Wang , Yimin Han , Bowen Zheng , Qi Zhu

Automated vehicle control using reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted significant attention due to its potential to learn driving policies through environment interaction. However, RL agents often face training challenges in sample…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zhihao Zhang , Chengyang Peng , Ekim Yurtsever , Keith A. Redmill

End-to-end deep learning approaches has been proven to be efficient in autonomous driving and robotics. By using deep learning techniques for decision-making, those systems are often referred to as a black box, and the result is driven by…

Practical autonomous driving requires models that generalize by reasoning through spatial-temporal possibilities to exclude unsafe outcomes. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use parallel planning architectures, they fail to explicitly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhao Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Fei He , Rui Wu , Yanhu Shan , Congpei Qiu , Liang Gao , Wei Ke , Tong Zhang

Autonomous vehicles hold great promise for reducing traffic fatalities and improving transportation efficiency, yet their widespread adoption hinges on embedding credible and transparent ethical reasoning into routine and emergency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Dianzhao Li , Ostap Okhrin

Autonomous vehicle software is typically structured as a modular pipeline of individual components (e.g., perception, prediction, and planning) to help separate concerns into interpretable sub-tasks. Even when end-to-end training is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Rowan McAllister , Blake Wulfe , Jean Mercat , Logan Ellis , Sergey Levine , Adrien Gaidon

Responsibility-sensitive safety (RSS) is an approach to the safety of automated driving systems (ADS). It aims to introduce mathematically formulated safety rules, compliance with which guarantees collision avoidance as a mathematical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Ichiro Hasuo

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based driver assistance systems seek to improve fuel consumption via continual improvement of powertrain control actions considering experiential data from the field. However, the need to explore diverse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Habtamu Hailemichael , Beshah Ayalew , Lindsey Kerbel , Andrej Ivanco , Keith Loiselle

We present an approach for safe trajectory planning, where a strategic task related to autonomous racing is learned sample-efficient within a simulation environment. A high-level policy, represented as a neural network, outputs a reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Rudolf Reiter , Jasper Hoffmann , Joschka Boedecker , Moritz Diehl

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology has been heavily researched and sought after, yet there are no SAE Level 5 AVs available today in the marketplace. We contend that over-reliance on machine learning technology is the main reason. Use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Keegan Kimbrell , Wang Tianhao , Feng Chen , Gopal Gupta

Modern vehicles have electrical architectures whose complexity grows year after year due to feature growth corresponding to customer expectations. The latest of the expectations, automation of the dynamic driving task however, is poised to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Naveen Mohan

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

Intelligent mechanisms implemented in autonomous vehicles, such as proactive driving assist and collision alerts, reduce traffic accidents. However, verifying their correct functionality is difficult due to complex interactions with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Diego Ortiz Barbosa , Luis Burbano , Carlos Hernandez , Zengxiang Lei , Younghee Park , Satish Ukkusuri , Alvaro A Cardenas

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrate the significant potential in autonomous driving. Despite this promise, challenges such as the manual design of reward functions and low sample efficiency in complex environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Zengqi Peng , Yubin Wang , Xu Han , Lei Zheng , Jun Ma

Autonomous vehicles interacting with other traffic participants heavily rely on the perception and prediction of other agents' behaviors to plan safe trajectories. However, as occlusions limit the vehicle's perception ability, reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Zixu Zhang , Jaime F. Fisac