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Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires not only safety and efficiency, but also realistic, human-like behaviors that are socially aware and predictable. Achieving this requires sim agent policies that are human-like, fast, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wei-Jer Chang , Akshay Rangesh , Kevin Joseph , Matthew Strong , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Yihan Hu , Wei Zhan

We use reinforcement learning in simulation to obtain a driving system controlling a full-size real-world vehicle. The driving policy takes RGB images from a single camera and their semantic segmentation as input. We use mostly synthetic…

Decision making for self-driving cars is usually tackled by manually encoding rules from drivers' behaviors or imitating drivers' manipulation using supervised learning techniques. Both of them rely on mass driving data to cover all…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-12 Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Yang Guan , Qi Sun , Bo Cheng

Modern approaches to autonomous driving rely heavily on learned components trained with large amounts of human driving data via imitation learning. However, these methods require large amounts of expensive data collection and even then face…

Action anticipation, intent prediction, and proactive behavior are all desirable characteristics for autonomous driving policies in interactive scenarios. Paramount, however, is ensuring safety on the road --- a key challenge in doing so is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Karen Leung , Edward Schmerling , Mo Chen , John Talbot , J. Christian Gerdes , Marco Pavone

Safety is one of the main challenges that prohibit autonomous vehicles (AV), requiring them to be well tested ahead of being allowed on the road. In comparison with road tests, simulators allow us to validate the AV conveniently and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-28 John Seymour , Dac-Thanh-Chuong Ho , Quang-Hung Luu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach to motion planning in autonomous driving, where an optimal driving policy can be automatically learned using the interaction data with the environment. Nevertheless, the reward function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lin-Chi Wu , Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert , Zhiqiang Ma , Zhiyong Sun

We develop optimal control strategies for autonomous vehicles (AVs) that are required to meet complex specifications imposed as rules of the road (ROTR) and locally specific cultural expectations of reasonable driving behavior. We formulate…

Autonomous vehicles need to handle various traffic conditions and make safe and efficient decisions and maneuvers. However, on the one hand, a single optimization/sampling-based motion planner cannot efficiently generate safe trajectories…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Jinning Li , Liting Sun , Jianyu Chen , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

We present an overview of recently developed data-driven tools for safety analysis of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assist systems. The core algorithms combine model-based, hybrid system reachability analysis with sensitivity…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Chuchu Fan , Bolun Qi , Sayan Mitra

Humans are going to delegate the rights of driving to the autonomous vehicles in near future. However, to fulfill this complicated task, there is a need for a mechanism, which enforces the autonomous vehicles to obey the road and social…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Faisal Riaz , Muaz A. Niazi

This paper proposes a novel approach by integrating sensor fusion with deep reinforcement learning, specifically the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm, to develop an optimal control policy for self-driving cars. Our system employs a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Amin Jalal Aghdasian , Amirhossein Heydarian Ardakani , Kianoush Aqabakee , Farzaneh Abdollahi

Autonomous driving faces critical challenges in rare long-tail events and complex multi-agent interactions, which are scarce in real-world data yet essential for robust safety validation. This paper presents a high-fidelity scenario…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Wang , Heye Huang , Zhenhua Xu , Kailai Sun , Baoshen Guo , Jinhua Zhao

Autonomous vehicles need safe development and testing environments. Many traffic scenarios are such that they cannot be tested in the real world. We see hybrid photorealistic simulation as a viable tool for developing AI (artificial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Jussi Hanhirova , Anton Debner , Matias Hyyppä , Vesa Hirvisalo

While current automotive safety standards provide implicit guidance on how unreasonable risk can be avoided, manufacturers are required to specify risk acceptance criteria for Automated Driving Systems (SAE Level 3 and higher). However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-11 Nayel Fabian Salem , Thomas Kirschbaum , Marcus Nolte , Christian Lalitsch-Schneider , Robert Graubohm , Jan Reich , Markus Maurer

Ensuring safety in the sense of constraint satisfaction for learning-based control is a critical challenge, especially in the model-free case. While safety filters address this challenge in the model-based setting by modifying unsafe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-15 Kanghui He , Shengling Shi , Ton van den Boom , Bart De Schutter

The autonomous car technology promises to replace human drivers with safer driving systems. But although autonomous cars can become safer than human drivers this is a long process that is going to be refined over time. Before these vehicles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Thomio Watanabe , Denis Wolf

To improve safety and energy efficiency, autonomous vehicles are expected to drive smoothly in most situations, while maintaining their velocity below a predetermined speed limit. However, some scenarios such as low road adherence or…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Florent Altché , Philip Polack , Arnaud de la Fortelle

Automated driving in urban settings is challenging. Human participant behavior is difficult to model, and conventional, rule-based Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) tend to fail when they face unmodeled dynamics. On the other hand, the more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Ekim Yurtsever , Linda Capito , Keith Redmill , Umit Ozguner
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