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Related papers: Layer-Stack Temperature Scaling

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The Cold Posterior Effect (CPE) is a phenomenon in Bayesian Deep Learning (BDL), where tempering the posterior to a cold temperature often improves the predictive performance of the posterior predictive distribution (PPD). Although the term…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-27 Kenyon Ng , Chris van der Heide , Liam Hodgkinson , Susan Wei

The autoregressive decoding in LLMs is the major inference bottleneck due to the memory-intensive operations and limited hardware bandwidth. 3D-stacked architecture is a promising solution with significantly improved memory bandwidth, which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Siyuan He , Peiran Yan , Yandong He , Youwei Zhuo , Tianyu Jia

We consider the issue of calibration in large language models (LLM). Recent studies have found that common interventions such as instruction tuning often result in poorly calibrated LLMs. Although calibration is well-explored in traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Maohao Shen , Subhro Das , Kristjan Greenewald , Prasanna Sattigeri , Gregory Wornell , Soumya Ghosh

This paper presents a novel technique based on gradient boosting to train the final layers of a neural network (NN). Gradient boosting is an additive expansion algorithm in which a series of models are trained sequentially to approximate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Seyedsaman Emami , Gonzalo Martínez-Muñoz

Low-cost thermal cameras are inaccurate (usually $\pm 3^\circ C$) and have space-variant nonuniformity across their detector. Both inaccuracy and nonuniformity are dependent on the ambient temperature of the camera. The goal of this work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Navot Oz , Nir Sochen , David Mendelovich , Iftach Klapp

We present a simple model that recalls two different patterns depending on the temperature. To realize a change in recall pattern due to temperature change, we embed two patterns to different graphs: the first pattern into a fully connected…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-25 Munetaka Sasaki

With this paper, we survey techniques for improving the predictive accuracy of pretrained large language models by allocating additional compute at inference time. In categorizing test-time scaling methods, we place special emphasis on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zhuoyi Yang , Xu Guo , Tong Zhang , Huijuan Xu , Boyang Li

Although the lower layers of a deep neural network learn features which are transferable across datasets, these layers are not transferable within the same dataset. That is, in general, freezing the trained feature extractor (the lower…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-10 Shucong Zhang , Cong-Thanh Do , Rama Doddipatla , Erfan Loweimi , Peter Bell , Steve Renals

Ensemble forecasts from numerical weather prediction models show systematic errors that require correction via post-processing. While there has been substantial progress in flexible neural network-based post-processing methods over the past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Moritz Feik , Sebastian Lerch , Jan Stühmer

In this paper, we attempt to employ convolutional recurrent neural networks for weather temperature estimation using only image data. We study ambient temperature estimation based on deep neural networks in two scenarios a) estimating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Wei-Ta Chu , Kai-Chia Ho , Ali Borji

Accurate uncertainty quantification in graph neural networks (GNNs) is essential, especially in high-stakes domains where GNNs are frequently employed. Conformal prediction (CP) offers a promising framework for quantifying uncertainty by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Seohyeon Cha , Honggu Kang , Joonhyuk Kang

Multivariate time series prediction has applications in a wide variety of domains and is considered to be a very challenging task, especially when the variables have correlations and exhibit complex temporal patterns, such as seasonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Yuya Jeremy Ong , Mu Qiao , Divyesh Jadav

We propose layer saturation - a simple, online-computable method for analyzing the information processing in neural networks. First, we show that a layer's output can be restricted to the eigenspace of its variance matrix without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Mats L. Richter , Justin Shenk , Wolf Byttner , Anders Arpteg , Mikael Huss

In wave propagation theories, many problems of multi-sensor systems utilize time delay in their solution in signal processing. This technique finds great utility in seismic exploration and static correction (low-velocity weathering), which…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-01-25 Ashraf H. Yahia , El-Sayed El-Dahshan , Albert K. Guirguis

This report first provides a brief overview of a number of supervised learning algorithms for regression tasks. Among those are neural networks, regression trees, and the recently introduced Nexting. Nexting has been presented in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Michael Koller , Johannes Feldmaier , Klaus Diepold

Parallel tempering Monte Carlo has proven to be an efficient method in optimization and sampling applications. Having an optimized temperature set enhances the efficiency of the algorithm through more-frequent replica visits to the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Ignacio Rozada , Maliheh Aramon , Jonathan Machta , Helmut G. Katzgraber

We present a new training methodology for transformers using a multilevel, layer-parallel approach. Through a neural ODE formulation of transformers, our application of a multilevel parallel-in-time algorithm for the forward and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shuai Jiang , Marc Salvadó-Benasco , Eric C. Cyr , Alena Kopaničáková , Rolf Krause , Jacob B. Schroder

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shifted focus toward scaling inference-time compute, improving performance without retraining the model. A common approach is to sample multiple outputs in parallel, and select one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Ammar Khairi , Daniel D'souza , Ye Shen , Julia Kreutzer , Sara Hooker

Parallel test-time scaling (TTS) is a pivotal approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs), typically by sampling multiple token-based chains-of-thought in parallel and aggregating outcomes through voting or search. Recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runyang You , Yongqi Li , Meng Liu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Minimizing non-convex and high-dimensional objective functions is challenging, especially when training modern deep neural networks. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed which divides the training process into two consecutive phases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Nanyang Ye , Zhanxing Zhu , Rafal K. Mantiuk