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Quantization techniques can reduce the size of Deep Neural Networks and improve inference latency and throughput by taking advantage of high throughput integer instructions. In this paper we review the mathematical aspects of quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Hao Wu , Patrick Judd , Xiaojie Zhang , Mikhail Isaev , Paulius Micikevicius

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models such as BERT and GPT, have shown great improvement in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models contain a large amount of parameters. The emergence of even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ofir Zafrir , Guy Boudoukh , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat

Quantization for deep neural networks have afforded models for edge devices that use less on-board memory and enable efficient low-power inference. In this paper, we present a comparison of model-parameter driven quantization approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Prateeth Nayak , David Zhang , Sek Chai

Transformer-based models, such as BERT, have been widely applied in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, one inevitable side effect is that they require massive memory storage and inference cost when deployed in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jianwei Li , Tianchi Zhang , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Dongkuan Xu

Quantization methods reduce the number of bits required to represent each parameter in a model, trading accuracy for smaller memory footprints and inference latencies. However, the final model size depends on both the number of parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Tim Dettmers , Luke Zettlemoyer

End-to-end neural network models achieve improved performance on various automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. However, these models perform poorly on edge hardware due to large memory and computation requirements. While quantizing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-01 Sehoon Kim , Amir Gholami , Zhewei Yao , Nicholas Lee , Patrick Wang , Aniruddha Nrusimha , Bohan Zhai , Tianren Gao , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Model quantization is considered as a promising method to greatly reduce the resource requirements of deep neural networks. To deal with the performance drop induced by quantization errors, a popular method is to use training data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Kanghyun Choi , Hye Yoon Lee , Deokki Hong , Joonsang Yu , Noseong Park , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

This study explores the quantisation-aware training (QAT) on time series Transformer models. We propose a novel adaptive quantisation scheme that dynamically selects between symmetric and asymmetric schemes during the QAT phase. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tianheng Ling , Chao Qian , Lukas Einhaus , Gregor Schiele

We show that robustness to post-training quantization (PTQ) is a transferable direction in weight space. We call this direction the quantization vector: extracted from a donor task by simple weight-space arithmetic, it can be used to patch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Daniele Solombrino , Antonio Andrea Gargiulo , Alessandro Zirilli , Luca Zhou , Adrian Robert Minut , Emanuele Rodolà

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Model quantization is a promising approach to compress deep neural networks and accelerate inference, making it possible to be deployed on mobile and edge devices. To retain the high performance of full-precision models, most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Yuang Liu , Wei Zhang , Jun Wang

Quantization is a promising approach for reducing the inference time and memory footprint of neural networks. However, most existing quantization methods require access to the original training dataset for retraining during quantization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-29 Yaohui Cai , Zhewei Yao , Zhen Dong , Amir Gholami , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Quantization techniques are pivotal in reducing the memory and computational demands of deep neural network inference. Existing solutions, such as ZeroQuant, offer dynamic quantization for models like BERT and GPT but overlook crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhewei Yao , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Stephen Youn , Xiaoxia Wu , Elton Zheng , Yuxiong He

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models, such as BERT, have shown great superiority over the traditional methods in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, the computational cost for deploying these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Hanlin Tang , Xipeng Zhang , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Zhanhui Kang

Transformer based models, like BERT and RoBERTa, have achieved state-of-the-art results in many Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption are prohibitive efficient inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Sehoon Kim , Amir Gholami , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

The diffusion model has gained popularity in vision applications due to its remarkable generative performance and versatility. However, high storage and computation demands, resulting from the model size and iterative generation, hinder its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Junhyuk So , Jungwon Lee , Daehyun Ahn , Hyungjun Kim , Eunhyeok Park

We introduce a data-free quantization method for deep neural networks that does not require fine-tuning or hyperparameter selection. It achieves near-original model performance on common computer vision architectures and tasks. 8-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort , Max Welling

Quantization is one of the most popular techniques for reducing computation time and shrinking model size. However, ensuring the accuracy of quantized models typically involves calibration using training data, which may be inaccessible due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Burak Sevsay , Erdem Akagündüz

Model compression has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce hardware resource requirements significantly while maintaining accuracy of DNNs. Model compression is especially useful for memory-intensive recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Dongsoo Lee , Byeongwook Kim
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