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In these proceedings I review recent developments concerning the hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). I report on the progress towards more realistic simulations and discuss new features about the QGP transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Jorge Noronha

The early stages of a relativistic heavy-ion collision are examined in the framework of an effective classical SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in the transverse plane. We compute the initial energy and number distributions, per unit rapidity, at…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alex Krasnitz , Yasushi Nara , Raju Venugopalan

In this work, we perform a model-to-data comparison for U+U and Au+Au collisions performed at RHIC at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = $193$ GeV and $200$ GeV, using a multistage framework. Model calculations for various configurations of $^{238}$U…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-17 Nicolas Fortier , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

Statistical fluctuations in the transverse distribution of sources in relativistic heavy ion collisions and an asymmetric emission profile associated with the wounded nucleons lead to rapidity dependence of the reaction plane. The size of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-04-24 Joao Moreira , Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

A series of new flow observables mixed harmonic multi-particle cumulants (MHC), which allow for the first time to quantify the correlations strength between different order of flow coefficients with various moments, was investigated using…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Ming Li , You Zhou , Wenbin Zhao , Baochi Fu , Yawen Mou , Huichao Song

A central question in strong-interaction physics, governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is whether femto-scale droplets of quark$-$gluon plasma (QGP) form in small collision systems involving projectiles significantly smaller than heavy…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-09-09 ALICE Collaboration

We compute how the initial energy density and produced gluon, quark and antiquark numbers scale with atomic number and beam energy in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The computation is based on the argument that the effect of all…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 K. J. Eskola , K. Kajantie , P. V. Ruuskanen , K. Tuominen

Fluid dynamic approach is a workhorse for modelling collective dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The approach has been successful in describing various features of the momentum distributions of hadrons produced in the heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-04 Iurii Karpenko

In central collisions at relativistic heavy ion colliders like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider RHIC/Brookhaven and the Large Hadron Collider LHC (in its heavy ion mode) at CERN/Geneva, one aims at detecting a new form of hadronic matter…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Gerhard Baur , Kai Hencken , Dirk Trautmann

We analyze event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC in the framework based on the fluctuating Glauber-model initial conditions, event-by-event (3+1)-dimensional viscous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-04-26 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

Gubser flow provides an analytic model for describing the spacetime dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions. Along with boost and rotation invariance along the beam axis, the model assumes invariance under a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-06 Arjun Bagchi , Kedar S. Kolekar , Taniya Mandal , Ashish Shukla

The rapidity dependence of the initial energy density in heavy-ion collisions is calculated from a three-dimensional McLerran-Venugopalan model (3dMVn) introduced by Lam and Mahlon. This model is infrared safe since global color neutrality…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-12 Sener Ozonder , Rainer J. Fries

Measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) can be used to study the properties of quark-gluon plasma. Systematic constraints on these properties must combine measurements from different…

For nucleus-nucleus collisions at Relativistic-Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) energies we calculate observables in two conceptually transport theories, i.e. the n-body molecular dynamical model RSP and in the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-07-09 Rudy Marty , Elena Bratkovskaya , Wolfgang Cassing , Joerg Aichelin

There is little doubt that in heavy ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC, we observe a hydrodynamically expanding system, providing strong evidence for the formation of a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) in the early stage of such collisions. These…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 K. Werner , B. Guiot , I. Karpenko , T. Pierog

Experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) suggests that the quark gluon plasma behaves almost like an ideal fluid. Due to its short lifetime, many QGP properties can only be inferred indirectly through a comparison…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Hannah Petersen , Rolando La Placa , Steffen A. Bass

Collisions between heavy atomic nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies are carried out at particle colliders to produce the quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined into hadrons, and colour degrees of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-10-01 Fernando G. Gardim , Giuliano Giacalone , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We consider phenomenological consequences arising from simple analytic solutions for holographic heavy-ion collisions. For these solutions, early-time longitudinal flow is initially negative (inward), sizable direct, elliptic, and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-08-30 Hans Bantilan , Takaaki Ishii , Paul Romatschke

Rapidity decorrelation in high energy heavy-ion collisions is one of the hot topics in understanding longitudinal dynamics of the quark gluon plasma (QGP). In this study we employ an integrated dynamical model with full three dimensional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Azumi Sakai , Koichi Murase , Tetsufumi Hirano

The hydrodynamic description of transversally thermalized matter, possibly formed at the early stages of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, is developed. The formalism is based on the thermodynamically consistent approach with all…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-04-17 Mikolaj Chojnacki , Wojciech Florkowski