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A path in an edge-colored graph is called proper if no two consecutive edges of the path receive the same color. For a connected graph $G$, the proper connection number $pc(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colors needed to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Fei Huang , Xueliang Li , Zhongmei Qin , Colton Magnant , Kenta Ozeki

An $r$-edge coloring of a graph or hypergraph $G=(V,E)$ is a map $c:E\to \{0, \dots, r-1\}$. Extending results of Rado and answering questions of Rado, Gy\'arf\'as and S\'ark\"ozy we prove that (1.) the vertex set of every $r$-edge colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-07 M. Elekes , D. T. Soukup , L. Soukup , Z. Szentmiklóssy

An $H$-decomposition of a graph $\Gamma$ is a partition of its edge set into subgraphs isomorphic to $H$. A transitive decomposition is a special kind of $H$-decomposition that is highly symmetrical in the sense that the subgraphs (copies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Ajani De Vas Gunasekara , Alice Devillers

While investigating odd-cycle free hypergraphs, Gy\H{o}ri and Lemons introduced a colored version of the classical theorem of Erd\H{o}s and Gallai on $P_k$-free graphs. They proved that any graph $G$ with a proper vertex coloring and no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-12 Nika Salia , Casey Tompkins , Oscar Zamora

A graph is even-degenerate if one can iteratively remove a vertex of even degree at each step until at most one edge remains. Recently, Janzer and Yip showed that the Erd\H{o}s--Renyi random graph $G(n,1/2)$ is even-degenerate with high…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Ting-Wei Chao , Dingding Dong , Zixuan Xu

A decomposition of a graph is a set of subgraphs whose edges partition those of $G$. The 3-decomposition conjecture posed by Hoffmann-Ostenhof in 2011 states that every connected cubic graph can be decomposed into a spanning tree, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Oliver Bachtler , Sven O. Krumke

The 3-Decomposition Conjecture states that every connected cubic graph can be decomposed into a spanning tree, a 2-regular subgraph and a matching. We show that this conjecture holds for the class of connected plane cubic graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Arthur Hoffmann-Ostenhof , Tomáš Kaiser , Kenta Ozeki

A graph is $2$-planar if it has local crossing number two, that is, it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge has at most two crossings. A graph is maximal $2$-planar if no edge can be added such that the resulting graph remains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Michael Hoffmann , Meghana M. Reddy

We provide a unique decomposition of every 4-connected graph into parts that are either quasi-5-connected, cycles of triangle-torsos and 3-connected torsos on $\leq 5$ vertices, generalised double-wheels, or thickened $K_{4,m}$'s. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Jan Kurkofka , Tim Planken

Given a family $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs, a graph $G$ is called $\mathcal{H}$-universal if $G$ contains every graph of $\mathcal{H}$ as a subgraph. Following the extensive research on universal graphs of small size for bounded-degree graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Peter Allen , Julia Böttcher , Anita Liebenau

The Harary reconstruction conjecture states that any graph with more than four edges can be uniquely reconstructed from its set of maximal edge-deleted subgraphs. In 1977, M\"uller verified the conjecture for graphs with $n$ vertices and $n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Anthony E. Pizzimenti , Umarkhon Rakhimov

Recently, Farnik asked whether the hat guessing number $\text{HG}(G)$ of a graph $G$ could be bounded as a function of its degeneracy $d$, and Bosek, Dudek, Farnik, Grytczuk and Mazur showed that $\text{HG}(G)\ge 2^d$ is possible. We show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Xiaoyu He , Ray Li

A graph of order $n>3$ is called {switching separable} if its modulo-2 sum with some complete bipartite graph on the same set of vertices is divided into two mutually independent subgraphs, each having at least two vertices. We prove the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-11 Denis Krotov

A subcycle of an Eulerian circuit is a sequence of edges that are consecutive in the circuit and form a cycle. We characterise the quartic planar graphs that admit Eulerian circuits avoiding 3-cycles and 4-cycles. From this, it follows that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Jane Tan

A graph is \emph{$(\mathcal{I}, \mathcal{F})$-partitionable} if its vertex set can be partitioned into two parts such that one part $\mathcal{I}$ is an independent set, and the other $\mathcal{F}$ induces a forest. A graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Zhengjiao Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaojing Yang

We answer a question of Gy\'arf\'as and S\'ark\"ozy from 2013 by showing that every 2-edge-coloured complete 3-uniform hypergraph can be partitioned into two monochromatic tight paths of different colours. We also give a lower bound for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Maya Stein

This paper presents a phenomenon which sometimes occurs in tetravalent bipartite locally dart-transitive graphs, called a Base Graph -- Connection Graph dissection. In this dissection, each white vertex is split into two vertices of valence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Gabriel Verret , Primož Potočnik , Steve Wilson

A graph G is said to be 2-distinguishable if there is a 2-labeling of its vertices which is not preserved by any nontrivial automorphism of G. We show that every locally finite graph with infinite motion and growth at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Florian Lehner

An acyclic edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring without any bichromatic cycles. The acyclic chromatic index of a graph $G$ denoted by $a'(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ has an acyclic edge coloring with $k$ colors.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Nevil Anto , Manu Basavaraju , Suresh Manjanath Hegde , Shashanka Kulamarva

We recall several known results about minimally 2-connected graphs, and show that they all follow from a decomposition theorem. Starting from an analogy with critically 2-connected graphs, we give structural characterizations of the classes…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-03-27 Pierre Aboulker , Marko Radovanović , Nicolas Trotignon , Kristina Vušković