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We study tropical degree bounds, stable tropical intersections, and tropical B\'ezout-type estimates through the geometry of Newton polytopes, mixed subdivisions, and lattice indices. We establish an upper bound for the tropical degree of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Mounir Nisse

The concepts of tropical-semiring and tropical hypersurface, are extended for an arbitrary ordered group. Then, we define the tropicalization of a polynomial with coefficients in a Krull-valued field. After a close study of the properties…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-04-01 Fuensanta Aroca

The tropical semifield, i.e., the real numbers enhanced by the operations of addition and maximum, serves as a base of tropical mathematics. Addition is an abelian group operation, whereas the maximum defines an idempotent semigroup…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-03-18 Z. Izhakian , E. Shustin

Tropical roots of tropical polynomials have been previously studied and used to localize roots of classical polynomials and eigenvalues of matrix polynomials. We extend the theory of tropical roots from tropical polynomials to tropical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Gian Maria Negri Porzio , Vanni Noferini , Leonardo Robol

In this text, we study factorizations of polynomials over the tropical hyperfield and the sign hyperfield, which we call `tropical polynomials' and `sign polynomials', respectively. We classify all irreducible polynomials in either case. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-27 Alexander Agudelo , Oliver Lorscheid

We establish a new notion of tropical convexity for signed tropical numbers. We provide several equivalent descriptions involving balance relations and intersections of open halfspaces as well as the image of a union of polytopes over…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Georg Loho , László A. Végh

We introduce and study a special class of ideals, called tropical ideals, in the semiring of tropical polynomials, with the goal of developing a useful and solid algebraic foundation for tropical geometry. The class of tropical ideals…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Diane Maclagan , Felipe Rincón

Kapranov's theorem is a foundational result in tropical geometry. It states that the set of tropicalisations of points on a hypersurface coincides precisely with the tropical variety of the tropicalisation of the defining polynomial. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-06 James Maxwell

The algebraic foundation of tropical polynomial algebra provides the framework for the geometric construction of the supplement and the reversal of tropical varieties, thereby inducing a duality of reduced tropical varieties; for classes of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2008-11-04 Zur Izhakian , Louis Rowen

We prove general Cramer type theorems for linear systems over various extensions of the tropical semiring, in which tropical numbers are enriched with an information of multiplicity, sign, or argument. We obtain existence or uniqueness…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-07 Marianne Akian , Stéphane Gaubert , Alexander Guterman

We introduce tropical Newton-Puiseux polynomials admitting rational exponents. A resolution of a tropical hypersurface is defined by means of a tropical Newton-Puiseux polynomial. A polynomial complexity algorithm for resolubility of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Dima Grigoriev

Analysing the cubic sectors of a real polynomial of degree n, a modification of the Newton Rule is Signs is proposed with which stricter upper bound on the number of real roots can be found. A new necessary condition for reality of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Emil M. Prodanov

We consider the question of when points in tropical affine space uniquely determine a tropical hypersurface. We introduce a notion of multiplicity of points so that this question may be meaningful even if some of the points coincide. We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-26 Drew Johnson

We review the basic theory of bands and band schemes introduced by Baker-Jin-Lorscheid, which is an algebraic framework for tropicalization, analytification, and $\mathbb{F}_1$-geometry. For an affine scheme $X$ over a non-Archimedean…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Arne Kuhrs , Alejandro Martínez Méndez , Pedro Souza

In this text, we merge ideas around the tropical hyperfield with the theory of ordered blueprints to give a new formulation of tropical scheme theory. The key insight is that a nonarchimedean absolute value can be considered as a morphism…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Oliver Lorscheid

Tropical geometry gives a bound on the ranks of divisors on curves in terms of the combinatorics of the dual graph of a degeneration. We show that for a family of examples, curves realizing this bound might only exist over certain…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-06-18 Dustin Cartwright

In this paper, the author introduces hyperfields and give some facts about the roots and multiplicities of polynomials over hyperfield based on \cite{2} and \cite{3}. Then he tests the sharpness of an inequality in Baker's former work…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Ziqi Liu

The celebrated upper bound theorem of McMullen determines the maximal number of extreme points of a polyhedron in terms of its dimension and the number of constraints which define it, showing that the maximum is attained by the polar of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-04 Xavier Allamigeon , Stephane Gaubert , Ricardo D. Katz

We extend the fundamentals for tropical convexity beyond the tropically positive orthant expanding the theory developed by Loho and V\'egh (ITCS 2020). We study two notions of convexity for signed tropical numbers called 'TO-convexity'…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Georg Loho , Mateusz Skomra

The eigenvalues of a matrix polynomial can be determined classically by solving a generalized eigenproblem for a linearized matrix pencil, for instance by writing the matrix polynomial in companion form. We introduce a general scaling…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-12-13 Stéphane Gaubert , Meisam Sharify