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Learning to recognize new keywords with just a few examples is essential for personalizing keyword spotting (KWS) models to a user's choice of keywords. However, modern KWS models are typically trained on large datasets and restricted to a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-07 Abhijeet Awasthi , Kevin Kilgour , Hassan Rom

Keyword spotting (KWS) is one of the speech recognition tasks most sensitive to the quality of the feature representation. However, the research on KWS has traditionally focused on new model topologies, putting little emphasis on other…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Douglas Baptista de Souza , Khaled Jamal Bakri , Fernanda Ferreira , Juliana Inacio

In this work we explore the latency and accuracy of keyword spotting (KWS) models in streaming and non-streaming modes on mobile phones. NN model conversion from non-streaming mode (model receives the whole input sequence and then returns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-29 Oleg Rybakov , Natasha Kononenko , Niranjan Subrahmanya , Mirko Visontai , Stella Laurenzo

The keyword spotting (KWS) problem requires large amounts of real speech training data to achieve high accuracy across diverse populations. Utilizing large amounts of text-to-speech (TTS) synthesized data can reduce the cost and time…

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) is the task of identifying a keyword in an audio stream and is widely used in smart devices at the edge in order to activate voice assistants and perform hands-free tasks. The task is daunting as there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mahmoud Salhab , Haidar Harmanani

In this paper, we investigated a speech augmentation based unsupervised learning approach for keyword spotting (KWS) task. KWS is a useful speech application, yet also heavily depends on the labeled data. We designed a CNN-Attention…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jian Luo , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Haobin Tang , Jing Xiao

This paper addresses the persistent challenge in Keyword Spotting (KWS), a fundamental component in speech technology, regarding the acquisition of substantial labeled data for training. Given the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Weinan Dai , Yifeng Jiang , Yuanjing Liu , Jinkun Chen , Xin Sun , Jinglei Tao

End-to-end (E2E) approaches to keyword search (KWS) are considerably simpler in terms of training and indexing complexity when compared to approaches which use the output of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. This simplification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Bolaji Yusuf , Murat Saraçlar

Keyword Spotting (KWS) provides the start signal of ASR problem, and thus it is essential to ensure a high recall rate. However, its real-time property requires low computation complexity. This contradiction inspires people to find a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Yixiao Qu , Sihao Xue , Zhenyi Ying , Hang Zhou , Jue Sun

In this study, we investigate the application of keyword spotting (KWS) in the domain of Hindi speech recognition, utilizing a dataset comprising 40,000 audio samples. With a sampling rate of 44 kHz and an average duration of 1.9 seconds…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Saru Bharti , Pushparaj Mani Pathak

Keyword spotting (KWS) constitutes a major component of human-technology interfaces. Maximizing the detection accuracy at a low false alarm (FA) rate, while minimizing the footprint size, latency and complexity are the goals for KWS.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Sercan O. Arik , Markus Kliegl , Rewon Child , Joel Hestness , Andrew Gibiansky , Chris Fougner , Ryan Prenger , Adam Coates

Text spotting end-to-end methods have recently gained attention in the literature due to the benefits of jointly optimizing the text detection and recognition components. Existing methods usually have a distinct separation between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yair Kittenplon , Inbal Lavi , Sharon Fogel , Yarin Bar , R. Manmatha , Pietro Perona

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often encounter difficulties in accurately recognizing rare words, leading to errors that can have a negative impact on downstream tasks such as keyword spotting, intent detection, and text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiajun He , Zekun Yang , Tomoki Toda

Conversational agents commonly utilize keyword spotting (KWS) to initiate voice interaction with the user. For user experience and privacy considerations, existing approaches to KWS largely focus on accuracy, which can often come at the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-30 Christin Jose , Joseph Wang , Grant P. Strimel , Mohammad Omar Khursheed , Yuriy Mishchenko , Brian Kulis

This paper proposes a self-learning method to incrementally train (fine-tune) a personalized Keyword Spotting (KWS) model after the deployment on ultra-low power smart audio sensors. We address the fundamental problem of the absence of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Manuele Rusci , Francesco Paci , Marco Fariselli , Eric Flamand , Tinne Tuytelaars

In this paper, we investigate representation learning for low-resource keyword spotting (KWS). The main challenges of KWS are limited labeled data and limited available device resources. To address those challenges, we explore…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Fan Cui , Liyong Guo , Quandong Wang , Peng Gao , Yujun Wang

End-to-end (E2E) systems have achieved competitive results compared to conventional hybrid hidden Markov model (HMM)-deep neural network based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Such E2E systems are attractive due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Kartik Audhkhasi , Andrew Rosenberg , Abhinav Sethy , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , Brian Kingsbury

This paper introduces a novel approach for streaming openvocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) with text-based keyword enrollment. For every input frame, the proposed method finds the optimal alignment ending at the frame using connectionist…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sichen Jin , Youngmoon Jung , Seungjin Lee , Jaeyoung Roh , Changwoo Han , Hoonyoung Cho

For training a few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) model, a large labeled dataset containing massive target keywords has known to be essential to generalize to arbitrary target keywords with only a few enrollment samples. To alleviate the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Dongjune Lee , Minchan Kim , Sung Hwan Mun , Min Hyun Han , Nam Soo Kim

Continuous Speech Keyword Spotting (CSKWS) is a task to detect predefined keywords in a continuous speech. In this paper, we regard CSKWS as a one-dimensional object detection task and propose a novel anchor-free detector, named AF-KWS, to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-10 Zhiyuan Zhao , Chuanxin Tang , Chengdong Yao , Chong Luo