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We introduce an object called a \emph{subspace graph} that formalizes the technique of multidimensional quantum walks. Composing subspace graphs allows one to seamlessly combine quantum and classical reasoning, keeping a classical structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Stacey Jeffery , Galina Pass

A class of countable infinite graphs with unbounded vertex degree is considered. In these graphs, the vertices of large degree `repel' each other, which means that the path distance between two such vertices cannot be smaller than a certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-22 Dorota Kȩpa-Maksymowicz , Yuri Kozitsky

The purpose of this note is to define a graph whose vertex set is a finite group $G$, whose edge set is contained in that of the commuting graph of $G$ and contains the enhanced power graph of $G$. We call this graph the deep commuting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Peter J. Cameron , Bojan Kuzma

Ordering the collection of states of a given automaton starting from an order of the underlying alphabet is a natural move towards a computational treatment of the language accepted by the automaton. Along this path, Wheeler \emph{graphs}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Giovanna D'Agostino , Davide Martincigh , Alberto Policriti

We say that a vertex $v$ in a connected graph $G$ is decisive if the numbers of walks from $v$ of each length determine the graph $G$ rooted at $v$ up to isomorphism among all connected rooted graphs with the same number of vertices. On the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky , Maksim Zhukovskii

We show that if a sequence of dense graphs has the property that for every fixed graph F, the density of copies of F in these graphs tends to a limit, then there is a natural ``limit object'', namely a symmetric measurable 2-variable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Laszlo Lovasz , Balazs Szegedy

The $k$-th power of the adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph represents the number of walks with length $k$ between pairs of nodes. As a walk where no node repeats, a path is a walk where each node is only visited once. The set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Ivan Jokić , Piet Van Mieghem

An aggregative composition is a binary operation obeying the principle that the whole is determined by the sum of its parts. The development of graph algebras, on which the theory of formal graph languages is built, relies on aggregative…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Marius Bozga , Radu Iosif , Florian Zuleger

Finite order invariants (Vassiliev invariants) of knots are expressed in terms of weight systems, that is, functions on chord diagrams satisfying the four-term relations. Weight systems have graph analogues, so-called $4$-invariants of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-01 V. I. Zhukov

We suggest a combinatorial classification of metric filtrations in measure spaces; a complete invariant of such a filtration is its combinatorial scheme, a measure on the space of hierarchies of the group~$\mathbb Z$. In turn, the notion of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-12-20 A. Vershik , P. Zatitskiy

Given a graph $G$, the maximal induced subgraphs problem asks to enumerate all maximal induced subgraphs of $G$ that belong to a certain hereditary graph class. While its optimization version, known as the minimum vertex deletion problem in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Yixin Cao

Free words are elements of a free monoid, generated over an alphabet via the binary operation of concatenation. Casually speaking, a free word is a finite string of letters. Henceforth, we simply refer to them as words. Motivated by recent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-16 Danny Rorabaugh

We study the variable-length ensemble of self-avoiding walks on the complete graph. We obtain the leading order asymptotics of the mean and variance of the walk length, as the number of vertices goes to infinity. Central limit theorems for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Youjin Deng , Timothy M Garoni , Jens Grimm , Abrahim Nasrawi , Zongzheng Zhou

We afford the problem of counting the blocks of a given length made with symbols drawn from an alphabet and relate this number to Fibonacci-like recurrent relations. The recurrence polynomia allows to calculate the limit ratio of two…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-09-03 R. Tonelli

Multisets are sets that allow repetition of elements. As such, multisets pave the way to a number of interesting possibilities of theoretical and applied nature. In the present work, after revising the main aspects of traditional sets, we…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Luciano da F. Costa

We identify a subclass of the regular commutative languages that is closed under the iterated shuffle, or shuffle closure. In particular, it is regularity-preserving on this subclass. This subclass contains the commutative group languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Stefan Hoffmann

We study the difficulty of computing topological entropy of subshifts subjected to mixing restrictions. This problem is well-studied for multidimensional subshifts of finite type : there exists a threshold in the irreducibility rate where…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-04-05 Silvère Gangloff , Benjamin Hellouin de Menibus

We consider a two-parameter family of random substitutions and show certain combinatorial and topological properties they satisfy. We establish that they admit recognisable words at every level. As a consequence, we get that the subshifts…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-13 Giovanni B. Escolano , Neil Mañibo , Eden Delight Miro

We characterize the fundamental group of a locally finite graph G with ends combinatorially, as a group of infinite words. Our characterization gives rise to a canonical embedding of this group in the inverse limit of the (free) fundamental…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-30 Reinhard Diestel , Philipp Sprüssel

We investigate the number of sets of words that can be formed from a finite alphabet, counted by the total length of the words in the set. An explicit expression for the counting sequence is derived from the generating function, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-01-26 Stefan Gerhold