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We present a theory of non-solar cosmic rays (CRs) in which the bulk of their observed flux is due to a single type of CR source at all energies. The total luminosity of the Galaxy, the broken power-law spectra with their observed slopes,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-29 Arnon Dar , Alvaro De Rujula

Cosmic rays (CRs) may be used to infer properties of intervening cosmic magnetic fields. Conversely, understanding the effects of magnetic fields on the propagation of high-energy CRs is crucial to elucidate their origin. In the present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-08 R. Alves Batista , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , K. Dolag , S. Hussain

The interplay of star formation and supernova (SN) feedback in galaxy formation is a key element for understanding galaxy evolution. Since these processes occur at small scales, it is necessary to have sub-grid models that recover their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-15 Arturo Nuñez-Castiñeyra , Emmanuel Nezri , Julien Devriendt , Romain Teyssier

Feedback mediated by cosmic rays (CRs) is an important process in galaxy formation. Because CRs are long-lived and because they are transported along magnetic field lines independently of any gas flow, they can efficiently distribute their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-24 Timon Thomas , Christoph Pfrommer , Rüdiger Pakmor

Cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields may be dynamically important in driving large-scale galactic outflows from rapidly star-forming galaxies. We construct two-dimensional axisymmetric models of the local starburst and super-wind galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-29 Benjamin J. Buckman , Tim Linden , Todd A. Thompson

In this work, we compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino background. Clusters of galaxies can potentially produce cosmic rays (CRs) up to very-high energies via large-scale shocks and turbulent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-28 Saqib Hussain , Rafael Alves Batista , Elisabete de Gouveia Dal Pino , Klaus Dolag

Cosmic ray (CR) feedback has been proposed as a powerful mechanism for driving warm gas outflows in galaxies. We use cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the impact of CR feedback on neutral hydrogen (HI) in a…

We investigate the effects of cosmic ray (CR) dynamics on cold, dense clouds embedded in a hot, tenuous galactic halo. If the magnetic field does not increase too much inside the cloud, the local reduction in Alfv\'en speed imposes a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-25 Joshua Wiener , S. Peng Oh , Ellen G. Zweibel

Cosmic rays (CRs), from active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets and supernovae (SNe), serve as a significant feedback mechanism influencing emission lines in narrow line region (NLR) clouds. These highly energetic particles, propelled by shocks,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-20 E. Koutsoumpou , J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros , K. M. Dasyra , L. Spinoglio

Direct measurements of cosmic ray (CR) species combined with observations of their associated gamma-ray emissions can be used to constrain models of CR propagation, trace the structure of the Galaxy, and search for signatures of new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-11 Gudlaugur Johannesson , Troy A. Porter , Igor V. Moskalenko

The majority of cosmic rays (CRs) generated by star-forming galaxies escape them and enter the intergalactic medium (IGM). Galactic wind termination shocks might also accelerate CRs. I show that the mean pressure of these CRs can reach to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Brian C. Lacki

We investigate the dynamical importance of a newly recognized possible source of significant feedback generated during structure formation; namely cosmic ray (CR) pressure. We present evidence for the existence of numerous shocks in the hot…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Miniati , Dongsu Ryu , T. W. Jones , Hyesung Kang

A major uncertainty in understanding the transport and feedback of cosmic-rays (CRs) within and beyond our Galaxy lies in the unknown CR scattering rates, which are primarily determined by wave-particle interaction at microscopic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 Xue-Ning Bai

Cosmic rays (CRs) drive ionization and influence gas dynamics in molecular clouds (MCs), potentially impacting the resulting star formation outcomes. Although previous simulations of individual star formation have included methods for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-24 Margot Fitz Axen , Stella S. R. Offner , Philip F. Hopkins , Michael Y. Grudić

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an important component in the interstellar medium (ISM), but their effect on the dynamics of the disk-halo interface (< 10 kpc from the disk) is still unclear. We study the influence of CRs on the gas above the disk…

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an important energy source in the circum-galactic medium (CGM) that impact the multi-phase gas structure and dynamics. We perform two-dimensional CR-magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the role of CRs in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-14 Xiaoshan Huang , Yan-fei Jiang , Shane W. Davis

Low-frequency radio observations of diffuse synchrotron radiation offer a unique vantage point for investigating the intricate relationship between gas and magnetic fields in the formation of structures within the Galaxy, spanning from the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-29 Andrea Bracco , Marco Padovani , Daniele Galli

According to the most popular model for the origin of cosmic rays (CRs), supernova remnants (SNRs) are the site where CRs are accelerated. Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum support this picture through the detection of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-27 S. Orlando , M. Miceli , S. Ustamujic , A. Tutone , E. Greco , O. Petruk , F. Bocchino , G. Peres

Cosmic ray (CR) feedback plays a vital role in shaping the formation and evolution of galaxies through their interaction with magnetohydrodynamic waves. In the CR self-confinement scenario, the waves are generated by the CR gyro-resonant…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-23 Xiaochen Sun , Xue-Ning Bai , Xihui Zhao

Latest precise cosmic-ray (CR) measurements and present gamma-ray observations have started challenging our understanding of CR transport and interaction in the Galaxy. Moreover, because the density of CRs is similar to the density of the…