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Networks of optical oscillators simulating coupled Ising spins have been recently proposed as a heuristic platform to solve hard optimization problems. These networks, called coherent Ising machines (CIMs), exploit the fact that the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti

Photonic Ising Machines constitute an emergent new paradigm of computation, geared towards tackling combinatorial optimization problems that can be reduced to the problem of finding the ground state of an Ising model. Spatial Photonic Ising…

It is challenging to scale Ising machines for industrial-level problems due to algorithm or hardware limitations. Although higher-order Ising models provide a more compact encoding, they are, however, hard to physically implement. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yunuo Cen , Zhiwei Zhang , Zixuan Wang , Yimin Wang , Xuanyao Fong

In VLSI physical design, many algorithms require the solution of difficult combinatorial optimization problems such as max/min-cut, max-flow problems etc. Due to the vast number of elements typically found in this problem domain, these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Chase Cook , Hengyang Zhao , Takashi Sato , Masayuki Hiromoto , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

Non-reciprocal interactions are a generic feature of non-equilibrium systems. We define a non-reciprocal generalization of the kinetic Ising model in one spatial dimension. We solve the model exactly using two different approaches for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-02 Gabriel Artur Weiderpass , Mayur Sharma , Savdeep Sethi

This paper presents a coupled ring oscillator based Potts ma chine to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Potts model is a generalization of the Ising model, cap turing multivalued spins in contrast to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

We study an orbital compass model on a checkerboard lattice where orbital degree of freedom is represented by the pseudo-spin operator. Competition arises from an Ising interaction for the $z$ component of pseudo-spins along the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-03-19 Joji Nasu , Synge Todo , Sumio Ishihara

If we have a system of binary variables and we measure the pairwise correlations among these variables, then the least structured or maximum entropy model for their joint distribution is an Ising model with pairwise interactions among the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-09-12 Michele Castellana , William Bialek

The high-performance scalable parallel algorithm for rigorous calculation of partition function of lattice systems with finite number Ising spins was developed. The parallel calculations run by C++ code with using of Message Passing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Alexey A. Peretyatko , Ivan A. Bogatyrev , Vitaliy Yu. Kapitan , Yury V. Kirienko , Konstantin V. Nefedev , Valery I. Belokon

The interplay between causal mechanisms and emerging collective behaviors is a central aspect of understanding, controlling, and predicting complex networked systems. In our work, we investigate the relationship between higher-order…

Combinatorial optimization problems have a broad range of applications and map to physical systems with complex dynamics. Among them, the 3-SAT problem is prominent due to its NP-complete nature. In physics terms, its solution corresponds…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-19 Alexandru Ciobanu , David Dahmen , John Paul Strachan , Moritz Helias

Ising models with pairwise interactions are the least structured, or maximum-entropy, probability distributions that exactly reproduce measured pairwise correlations between spins. Here we use this equivalence to construct Ising models that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2009-12-31 Gasper Tkacik , Elad Schneidman , Michael J. Berry , William Bialek

Spiking neural network is a kind of neuromorphic computing that is believed to improve the level of intelligence and provide advantages for quantum computing. In this work, we address this issue by designing an optical spiking neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Bo Lu , Yong-Pan Gao , Kai Wen , Chuan Wang

Classical spin models with discrete or continuous degrees of freedom arise in many studies of complex physical systems. A wide class of hard real-life optimisation problems can be formulated as a minimisation of a spin Hamiltonian. Here we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-12 Kirill P. Kalinin , Natalia G. Berloff

From condensed matter to quantum chromodynamics, multidimensional spins are a fundamental paradigm, with a pivotal role in combinatorial optimization and machine learning. Machines formed by coupled parametric oscillators can simulate spin…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-29 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

Interest in non-algorithmic, unconventional computing is rising in recent years due to more and more apparent short comings of classic stored-program digital computers, such as energy efficiency, degree of parallelism in computations, clock…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Shrish Roy , Bernd Ulmann

We propose a statistical mechanics approach to a coevolving spin system with an adaptive network of interactions. The dynamics of node states and network connections is driven by both spin configuration and network topology. We consider a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-03 Tomasz Raducha , Mateusz Wiliński , Tomasz Gubiec , H. Eugene Stanley

Dynamical Ising machines are actively investigated from the perspective of finding efficient heuristics for NP-hard optimization problems. However, the existing data demonstrate super-polynomial scaling of the running time with the system…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-24 Mikhail Erementchouk , Aditya Shukla , Pinaki Mazumder

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…