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Common designs of model evaluation typically focus on monolingual settings, where different models are compared according to their performance on a single data set that is assumed to be representative of all possible data for the task at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Zoey Liu , Emily Prud'hommeaux

We show that the choice of pretraining languages affects downstream cross-lingual transfer for BERT-based models. We inspect zero-shot performance in balanced data conditions to mitigate data size confounds, classifying pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Dan Malkin , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Gabriel Stanovsky

In recent years, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been shown to be more effective than phrase-based statistical methods, thus quickly becoming the state of the art in machine translation (MT). However, NMT systems are limited in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Surafel M. Lakew , Marcello Federico , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

State-of-the-art natural language processing systems rely on supervision in the form of annotated data to learn competent models. These models are generally trained on data in a single language (usually English), and cannot be directly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Alexis Conneau , Guillaume Lample , Ruty Rinott , Adina Williams , Samuel R. Bowman , Holger Schwenk , Veselin Stoyanov

Multilingual Language Models (\MLLMs) such as mBERT, XLM, XLM-R, \textit{etc.} have emerged as a viable option for bringing the power of pretraining to a large number of languages. Given their success in zero-shot transfer learning, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Gowtham Ramesh , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

While natural language processing tools have been developed extensively for some of the world's languages, a significant portion of the world's over 7000 languages are still neglected. One reason for this is that evaluation datasets do not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chunlan Ma , Ayyoob ImaniGooghari , Haotian Ye , Renhao Pei , Ehsaneddin Asgari , Hinrich Schütze

Most current large language models (LLMs) support a wide variety of languages in addition to English, including high-resource languages (e.g. German, Chinese, French), as well as low-resource ones (e.g. Swahili, Telugu). In addition they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Tobias Domhan , Dan Malkin , Markus Freitag

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

This work investigates the in-context learning abilities of pretrained large language models (LLMs) when instructed to translate text from a low-resource language into a high-resource language as part of an automated machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sara Court , Micha Elsner

Despite the surging demands for multilingual task-oriented dialog systems (e.g., Alexa, Google Home), there has been less research done in multilingual or cross-lingual scenarios. Hence, we propose a zero-shot adaptation of task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zihan Liu , Jamin Shin , Yan Xu , Genta Indra Winata , Peng Xu , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Text classification, an integral task in natural language processing, involves the automatic categorization of text into predefined classes. Creating supervised labeled datasets for low-resource languages poses a considerable challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Riya Savant , Anushka Shelke , Sakshi Todmal , Sanskruti Kanphade , Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Knowing the language of an input text/audio is a necessary first step for using almost every NLP tool such as taggers, parsers, or translation systems. Language identification is a well-studied problem, sometimes even considered solved; in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Milind Agarwal , Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Recent work has shown the surprising ability of multi-lingual BERT to serve as a zero-shot cross-lingual transfer model for a number of language processing tasks. We combine this finding with a similarly-recently proposal on sentence-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Peng Shi , Jimmy Lin

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer is promising, however has been shown to be sub-optimal, with inferior transfer performance across low-resource languages. In this work, we envision languages as domains for improving zero-shot transfer by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Shanu Kumar , Abbaraju Soujanya , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Cross-lingual knowledge transfer is critical for building high-performing multilingual language models for languages with insufficient training data. When target language data is scarce, the knowledge required for many downstream tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anastasiia Sedova , Natalie Schluter , Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve

This study is part of the debate on the efficiency of large versus small language models for text classification by prompting.We assess the performance of small language models in zero-shot text classification, challenging the prevailing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Pierre Lepagnol , Thomas Gerald , Sahar Ghannay , Christophe Servan , Sophie Rosset

Cross-lingual model transfer is a compelling and popular method for predicting annotations in a low-resource language, whereby parallel corpora provide a bridge to a high-resource language and its associated annotated corpora. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Meng Fang , Trevor Cohn

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

We study the problem of multilingual masked language modeling, i.e. the training of a single model on concatenated text from multiple languages, and present a detailed study of several factors that influence why these models are so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Shijie Wu , Alexis Conneau , Haoran Li , Luke Zettlemoyer , Veselin Stoyanov

The field of cross-lingual sentence embeddings has recently experienced significant advancements, but research concerning low-resource languages has lagged due to the scarcity of parallel corpora. This paper shows that cross-lingual word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhongtao Miao , Qiyu Wu , Kaiyan Zhao , Zilong Wu , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka