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Modern machine learning methods require significant amounts of labelled data, making the preparation process time-consuming and resource-intensive. In this paper, we propose to consider the process of prototyping a tool for annotating and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Nikita Ivanov , Mark Klimov , Dmitry Glukhikh , Tatiana Chernysheva , Igor Glukhikh

The construction of high-quality parallel corpora for translation research has increasingly evolved from simple sentence alignment to complex, multi-layered annotation tasks. This methodological shift presents significant challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Baorong Huang , Ali Asiri

This paper surveys the current state of the art in document automation (DA). The objective of DA is to reduce the manual effort during the generation of documents by automatically integrating input from different sources and assembling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Mohammad Ahmadi Achachlouei , Omkar Patil , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair

Understanding fine-grained links between documents is crucial for many applications, yet progress is limited by the lack of efficient methods for data curation. To address this limitation, we introduce a domain-agnostic framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Serwar Basch , Ilia Kuznetsov , Tom Hope , Iryna Gurevych

High-quality and consistent annotations are fundamental to the successful development of robust machine learning models. Traditional data annotation methods are resource-intensive and inefficient, often leading to a reliance on third-party…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Amir Ziai , Aneesh Vartakavi

We present a lightweight annotation tool, the Data AnnotatoR Tool (DART), for the general task of labeling structured data with textual descriptions. The tool is implemented as an interactive application that reduces human efforts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Ernie Chang , Jeriah Caplinger , Alex Marin , Xiaoyu Shen , Vera Demberg

The performance of current supervised AI systems is tightly connected to the availability of annotated datasets. Annotations are usually collected through annotation tools, which are often designed for specific tasks and are difficult to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Naihao Deng , Yikai Liu , Mingye Chen , Winston Wu , Siyang Liu , Yulong Chen , Yue Zhang , Rada Mihalcea

Human annotations are an important source of information in the development of natural language understanding approaches. As under the pressure of productivity annotators can assign different labels to a given text, the quality of produced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Kristian Miok , Gregor Pirs , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

We present MAFA (Multi-Agent Framework for Annotation), a production-deployed system that transforms enterprise-scale annotation workflows through configurable multi-agent collaboration. Addressing the critical challenge of annotation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Mahmood Hegazy , Aaron Rodrigues , Azzam Naeem

Many machine learning systems today are trained on large amounts of human-annotated data. Data annotation tasks that require a high level of competency make data acquisition expensive, while the resulting labels are often subjective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Emmanouil Antonios Platanios , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Eric Xing , Tom Mitchell

Properly annotated multimedia content is crucial for supporting advances in many Information Retrieval applications. It enables, for instance, the development of automatic tools for the annotation of large and diverse multimedia…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Xavier Favory , Eduardo Fonseca , Frederic Font , Xavier Serra

We introduce WordScape, a novel pipeline for the creation of cross-disciplinary, multilingual corpora comprising millions of pages with annotations for document layout detection. Relating visual and textual items on document pages has…

Document Layout Analysis (DLA) is crucial for document artificial intelligence and has recently received increasing attention, resulting in an influx of large-scale public DLA datasets. Existing work often combines data from various domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zirui Zhang , Yaping Zhang , Lu Xiang , Yang Zhao , Feifei Zhai , Yu Zhou , Chengqing Zong

High-quality human annotations are necessary for creating effective machine learning-driven stream processing systems. We study hybrid stream processing systems based on a Human-In-The-Loop Machine Learning (HITL-ML) paradigm, in which one…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Rahul Pandey , Hemant Purohit , Carlos Castillo , Valerie L. Shalin

Learned object detection methods based on fusion of LiDAR and camera data require labeled training samples, but niche applications, such as warehouse robotics or automated infrastructure, require semantic classes not available in large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Ryan Rubel , Andrew Dudash , Mohammad Goli , James O'Hara , Karl Wunderlich

This paper proposes a novel training scheme for fast matching models in Search Ads, which is motivated by the real challenges in model training. The first challenge stems from the pursuit of high throughput, which prohibits the deployment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Xue Li , Zhipeng Luo , Hao Sun , Jianjin Zhang , Weihao Han , Xianqi Chu , Liangjie Zhang , Qi Zhang

We investigate the problem of reader-aware multi-document summarization (RA-MDS) and introduce a new dataset for this problem. To tackle RA-MDS, we extend a variational auto-encodes (VAEs) based MDS framework by jointly considering news…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Piji Li , Lidong Bing , Wai Lam

Current approaches to the annotation process focus on annotation schemas, languages for annotation, or are very application driven. In this paper it is proposed that a more flexible architecture for annotation requires a knowledge component…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Afzal Ballim , Nastaran Fatemi , Hatem Ghorbel , Vincenzo Pallotta

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Construction of human-curated annotated datasets for abstractive text summarization (ATS) is very time-consuming and expensive because creating each instance requires a human annotator to read a long document and compose a shorter summary…