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There is a long line of research in the literature dedicated to word-representable graphs, which generalize several important classes of graphs. However, not much is known about word-representability of split graphs, another important class…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-23 Herman Z. Q. Chen , Sergey Kitaev , Akira Saito

Distinct letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in a word $w$ if after deleting in $w$ all letters but the copies of $x$ and $y$ we either obtain a word of the form $xyxy\cdots$ (of even or odd length) or a word of the form $yxyx\cdots$ (of even or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Gi-Sang Cheon , Jinha Kim , Minki Kim , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

We introduce a new notation for representing labeled regular bipartite graphs of arbitrary degree. Several enumeration problems for labeled and unlabeled regular bipartite graphs have been introduced. A general algorithm for enumerating all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Vivek S. Nittoor

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. The set of word-representable graphs generalizes several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Andrew Collins , Sergey Kitaev , Vadim Lozin

This paper investigates the new notion of $2$-word-$\pi$-repre\-sentable graphs: the nodes of the graph correspond to the letters of the two words and there exists an edge between two nodes if the projections of any two letters of both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Duncan Adamson , Amanita Dietz , Pamela Fleischmann , Annika Huch , Silas Cato Sacher

A simple graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ iff $xy\in E$. Word-representable graphs generalize several important classes of graphs. A graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Özgür Akgün , Ian P. Gent , Sergey Kitaev , Hans Zantema

Subgraph enumeration problems ask to output all subgraphs of an input graph that belongs to the specified graph class or satisfy the given constraint. These problems have been widely studied in theoretical computer science. As far, many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Kunihiro Wasa , Takeaki Uno

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is representable if there exists a word $W$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $W$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. If $W$ is $k$-uniform (each letter of $W$ occurs exactly $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-03 Magnus Mar Halldorsson , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

A split graph is a graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. The word-representability of split graphs was studied in a series of papers in the literature, and the class of word-representable split…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Tithi Dwary , Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

Word-representable graphs are a class of graphs that can be represented by words, where edges and non-edges are determined by the alternation of letters in those words. Several papers in the literature have explored the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Herman Z. Q. Chen , Humaira Hameed , Sergey Kitaev

The undirected power graph (or simply power graph) of a group $G$, denoted by $P(G)$, is a graph whose vertices are the elements of the group $G$, in which two vertices $u$ and $v$ are connected by an edge between if and only if either…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Pallabi Manna , Peter J. Cameron , Ranjit Mehatari

The problems of determining the permutation-representation number (prn) and the representation number of bipartite graphs are open in the literature. Moreover, the decision problem corresponding to the determination of the prn of a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

We study the complexity of the Graph Isomorphism problem on graph classes that are characterized by a finite number of forbidden induced subgraphs, focusing mostly on the case of two forbidden subgraphs. We show hardness results and develop…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Stefan Kratsch , Pascal Schweitzer

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that, for any two distinct vertices $x, y \in V$, $xy \in E$ if and only if $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$. Two letters $x$ and $y$ are said to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Suchanda Roy , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

In this paper, we propose a characterization of chordal bipartite graphs and an efficient enumeration algorithm for chordal bipartite induced subgraphs. A chordal bipartite graph is a bipartite graph without induced cycles with length six…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Kazuhiro Kurita , Kunihiro Wasa , Hiroki Arimura , Takeaki Uno

A classical enumerative result states that, given a graph $G$ and a vertex $u$, the number of connected subgraphs of $G$ is equal to the number of orientations of $G$ such that every vertex can reach $u$ by a directed path. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Oliver Bernardi , Jonathan J. Fang

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is word-representable, if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that for letters $\{x,y\}\in V$, $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy \in E$. A graph is co-bipartite if its complement is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-20 Biswajit Das , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

For an arbitrary word $w$ on an alphabet, we can define the alternating symbol graph, $G(w)$, as the graph in which the edge $(a, b)$ is in $E$ iff the letters $a$ and $b$ alternate in the word $w$. A graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Ameya Daigavane , Mrityunjay Singh , Benny K. George

A graph {\it has cutwidth at most 2} if one can number its vertices by $1,\ldots n$ so that for every $i=1,\ldots,n-1$ there are at most 2 edges $(u,v)$ such that $u\le i<v$. A characterization of graphs having cutwidth at most 2 in terms…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-13 Nadya Khoroshavkina

A graph G=(V,E) is representable if there exists a word W over the alphabet V such that letters x and y alternate in W if and only if (x,y) is in E for each x not equal to y. The motivation to study representable graphs came from algebra,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-09 Sergey Kitaev , Pavel Salimov , Christopher Severs , Henning Ulfarsson