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A general nonperturvative loop quantization procedure for metric modified gravity is reviewed. As an example, this procedure is applied to scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The quantum kinematical framework of these theories is rigorously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-09 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

We describe a deformation of the observable algebra of quantum gravity in which the loop algebra is extended to framed loops. This allows an alternative nonperturbative quantization which is suitable for describing a phase of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Seth Major , Lee Smolin

EPR-type measurements on spatially separated entangled spin qubits allow one, in principle, to detect curvature. Also the entanglement of the vacuum state is affected by curvature. Here, we ask if the curvature of spacetime can be expressed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Achim Kempf

In this second paper on loop quantization of Gowdy model, we introduce the kinematical Hilbert space on which appropriate holonomies and fluxes are well represented. The quantization of the volume operator and the Gauss constraint is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Kinjal Banerjee , Ghanashyam Date

A new local and gauge invariant quantum vortex operator is constructed in three-dimensional gauge field theories. The correlation functions of this operator are evaluated exactly in pure Maxwell theory and by means of a loop expansion in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 E. C. Marino

It is shown that the Riemannian curvature of the 3-dimensional hypersurfaces in space-time, described by the Wilson loop integral, can be represented by a quaternion quantum operator induced by the SU(2) gauge potential, thus providing a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-05 M. D. Maia , S. S. e Almeida Silva , F. S. Carvalho

In this article we examine a Hamiltonian constraint operator governing the dynamics of simple quantum states, whose graph consists of a single six-valent vertex, in quantum-reduced loop gravity. To this end, we first derive the action of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Ilkka Mäkinen

An algebraic formulation of general relativity is proposed. The formulation is applicable to quantum gravity and noncommutative space. To investigate quantum gravity we develop the canonical formalism of operator geometry, after…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Masaru Siino

We introduce a master constraint operator $\hat{\mathbf{M}}$ densely defined in the diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert space in loop quantum gravity, which corresponds classically to the master constraint in the programme. It is shown that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Muxin Han , Yongge Ma

Introducing a new method, we demonstrate how the action of reduced operators can be derived without resorting to a recoupling theory and how they exactly reproduce the results obtained in the standard approach of Quantum Reduced Loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-07 Jakub Bilski , Antonino Marciano

We analyze the different ways to define the energy operator in geometric theories of quantum mechanics. In some formulations the operator contains the scalar curvature as a multiplicative term. We show that such term can be canceled or…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-08-27 Carlos Tejero Prieto , Raffaele Vitolo

We compute the complete spectrum of the area operator in the loop representation of quantum gravity, using recoupling theory. This result extends previous derivations, which did not include the ``degenerate'' sector, and agrees with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Simonetta Frittelli , Luis Lehner , Carlo Rovelli

We present a general procedure for constructing new Hilbert spaces for loop quantum gravity on non-compact spatial manifolds. Given any fixed background state representing a non-compact spatial geometry, we use the Gel'fand-Naimark-Segal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Matthias Arnsdorf , Sameer Gupta

Based on a recent purely geometric construction of observables for the spatial diffeomorphism constraint, we propose two distinct quantum reductions to spherical symmetry within full 3+1-dimensional loop quantum gravity. The construction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Norbert Bodendorfer , Jerzy Lewandowski , Jedrzej Świeżewski

We consider the coupling between massive and spinning particles and three dimensional gravity. This allows us to construct geometric operators (distances between particles) as Dirac observables. We quantize the system a la loop quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Karim Noui , Alejandro Perez

We study a physically motivated representation of an algebra of operators in gravitational and non gravitational theories called the covariant representation of an algebra. This is a representation where the symmetries of the operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-29 Eyoab Bahiru

We discuss the semiclassical limit of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity, a recently proposed model to address the quantum dynamics of the early Universe. We apply the techniques developed in full Loop Quantum Gravity to define the semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-18 Emanuele Alesci , Francesco Cianfrani

This series of lectures gives a simple and self-contained introduction to the non-perturbative and background independent loop approach of canonical quantum gravity. The Hilbert space of kinematical quantum states is constructed and a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcus Gaul , Carlo Rovelli

Using a Hamiltonian formulation of the spherically symmetric gravity-scalar field theory adapted to flat spatial slicing, we give a construction of the reduced Hamiltonian operator. This Hamiltonian, together with the null expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Viqar Husain , Oliver Winkler

We define quantum phase in terms of inverses of annihilation and creation operators. We show that like Susskind - Glogower phase operators, the measured phase operators and the unitary phase operators can be defined in terms of the inverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-17 G. M. Saxena