Related papers: Novel structural-scale uncertainty measures and er…

It is difficult to accurately label ambiguous and complex shaped targets manually by binary masks. The weakness of binary mask under-expression is highlighted in medical image segmentation, where blurring is prevalent. In the case of…

Weakly supervised medical image segmentation (MIS) using generative models is crucial for clinical diagnosis. However, the accuracy of the segmentation results is often limited by insufficient supervision and the complex nature of medical…

Medical image segmentation aims to identify anatomical structures at the voxel-level. Segmentation accuracy relies on distinguishing voxel differences. Compared to advancements achieved in studies of the inter-class variance, the…

Lesion-symptom mapping studies provide insight into what areas of the brain are involved in different aspects of cognition. This is commonly done via behavioral testing in patients with a naturally occurring brain injury or lesions (e.g.,…

The development of accurate methods for multi-label classification (MLC) of remote sensing (RS) images is one of the most important research topics in RS. The MLC methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown strong…

Lesion detection is an important problem within medical imaging analysis. Most previous work focuses on detecting and segmenting a specialized category of lesions (e.g., lung nodules). However, in clinical practice, radiologists are…

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, and demyelinating disease that leads to lesions in the central nervous system. This disease can be tracked and diagnosed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Up to now a multitude of…

Segmentation and quantification of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are of great importance in studying and understanding various neurological and geriatric disorders. Although automatic methods have been proposed for WMH segmentation…

Despite the state-of-the-art performance for medical image segmentation, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have rarely provided uncertainty estimations regarding their segmentation outputs, e.g., model (epistemic) and image-based…

Machine learning algorithms underpin modern diagnostic-aiding software, which has proved valuable in clinical practice, particularly in radiology. However, inaccuracies, mainly due to the limited availability of clinical samples for…

The consideration of predictive uncertainty in medical imaging with deep learning is of utmost importance. We apply estimation of both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty by variational Bayesian inference with Monte Carlo dropout to…

Many current state-of-the-art methods for anomaly localization in medical images rely on calculating a residual image between a potentially anomalous input image and its "healthy" reconstruction. As the reconstruction of the unseen…

Background: Accurate lesion segmentation is critical for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis, yet current deep learning approaches face robustness challenges. Aim: This study improves MS lesion segmentation by combining data fusion and deep…

In multiple sclerosis, lesions interfere with automated magnetic resonance imaging analyses such as brain parcellation and deformable registration, while lesion segmentation models are hindered by the limited availability of annotated…

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect outputs, known as hallucinations, which undermine their reliability in real-world applications. While uncertainty estimation has emerged as a promising strategy for…

Brain lesion volume measured on T2 weighted MRI images is a clinically important disease marker in multiple sclerosis (MS). Manual delineation of MS lesions is a time-consuming and highly operator-dependent task, which is influenced by…

Segmenting healthy tissue structures alongside lesions in brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) remains a challenge for today's algorithms due to lesion-caused disruption of the anatomy and lack of jointly labeled training datasets, where…

In this paper, we develop a two-stage neural network solution for the challenging task of white-matter lesion segmentation. To cope with the vast vari- ability in lesion sizes, we sample brain MR scans with patches at three differ- ent…

Semi-supervised learning in medical image segmentation leverages unlabeled data to reduce annotation burdens through consistency learning. However, current methods struggle with class imbalance and high uncertainty from pathology…

The damage detection problem in mechanical systems, using vibration measurements, is commonly called Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Many tools are able to detect damages by changes in the vibration pattern, mainly, when damages induce…