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We have studied spin orbit torque in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic metal (FM) bilayers using magneto-optical Kerr effect. A double modulation technique is developed to separate signals from spin orbit torque and Joule heating. At a current…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Yukihiro Marui , Masashi Kawaguchi , Masamitsu Hayashi

Spin orbit torques are of great interest for switching the magnetization direction in nanostructures, moving skyrmions and exciting spin waves. The standard method of determining their efficiency is by spin torque ferromagnetic resonance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Jun-Wen Xu , Andrew D. Kent

We report measurements of spin pumping and the inverse spin Hall effect in Ni80Fe20/Uranium bilayers designed to study the efficiency of spin-charge interconversion in a super-heavy element. We employ broad-band ferromagnetic resonance on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Simranjeet Singh , Marta Anguera , Enrique del Barco , Ross Springell , Casey W. Miller

Pure spin current based research is mostly focused on ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) system. Because of the high spin orbit coupling (SOC) these HMs exhibit short spin diffusion length and therefore possess challenges for device…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Purbasha Sharangi , Braj Bhusan Singh , Sagarika Nayak , Subhankar Bedanta

We report measurements of the spin torque efficiencies in perpendicularly-magnetized Pt/Co bilayers where the Pt resistivity $\rho_{Pt}$ is strongly dependent on thickness $t_{Pt}$ . The damping-like spin Hall torque efficiency per unit…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-30 Minh-Hai Nguyen , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

We present a comprehensive study of broadband spin pumping utilizing the inverse spin Hall effect phenomena in bilayer samples comprising Ni81Fe19 (15 nm) and NbN (with NbN thickness varying from 20 nm to 140 nm), conducted over a…

We report that due to the orbital Hall effect, orbital pumping effects can occur in materials with weak spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the strength of the orbital Hall effect and the size of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Yuejie Zhang , Jinjun Ding , Tao Liu , Xiaofei Yang , Taoyuan Ouyang , Shi Chen , Yongqing Peng

Recent findings in orbitronics pointed out large current-induced torques originating, in the current understanding, from incident orbital currents. These are generated by orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect (OREE) produced at the interface…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-20 B. Bony , S. Krishnia , Y. Xu , S. Collin , A. Fert , J. -M. George , M. Viret , V. Cros , H. Jaffrès

We present measurements of spin orbit torques generated by Ir as a function of film thickness in sputtered Ir/CoFeB and Ir/Co samples. We find that Ir provides a damping-like component of spin orbit torque with a maximum spin torque…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Sutapa Dutta , Arnab Bose , A. A. Tulapurkar , R. A. Buhrman , D. C. Ralph

Harmonic Hall measurements were performed on a series of ferromagnetic metal/heavy metal (FM/HM) bilayers consisting of Permalloy (Py) as the FM and beta-Tungsten (W) as the HM, and the efficiencies of the two orthogonal components of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Abu Bakkar Miah , Dhananjaya Mahapatra , Soumik Aon , Harekrishna Bhunia , Partha Mitra

In bilayer systems consisting of an ultrathin ferromagnetic layer adjacent to a metal with strong spin-orbit coupling, an applied in-plane current induces torques on the magnetization. The torques that arise from spin-orbit coupling are of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Paul M. Haney , Hyun-Woo Lee , Kyung-Jin Lee , Aurélien Manchon , M. D. Stiles

We measured the spin-orbit torques (SOTs), current-induced switching, and domain wall (DW) motion in synthetic ferrimagnets consisting of Co/Tb layers with differing stacking order grown on a Pt underlayer. We find that the SOTs, magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-06 Mickey Martini , Can Onur Avci , Silvia Tacchi , Charles-Henri Lambert , Pietro Gambardella

We investigated the nonreciprocal spin-wave properties, including the frequency shift, of a helical equilibrium state in a versatile CoFeB/NiFe bilayer. Through an extension of the dynamic matrix formalism (developed in this work) to an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Claudia Negrete , Omar J. Suarez , Attila Kákay , Jorge A. Otálora

It has been shown that W in its resistive form possesses the largest spin-Hall ratio among all heavy transition metals, which makes it a good candidate for generating efficient dampinglike spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) acting upon adjacent…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-01-12 Ting-Chien Wang , Tian-Yue Chen , Chun-Te Wu , Hung-Wei Yen , Chi-Feng Pai

Since the discovery of the long-range superconducting proximity effect, the interaction between spin-triplet Cooper pairs and magnetic structures such as domain walls and vortices has been the subject of intense theoretical discussions,…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-05-03 Remko Fermin , Dyon van Dinter , Michel Hubert , Bart Woltjes , Mikhail Silaev , Jan Aarts , Kaveh Lahabi

We investigate the spin Hall magnetoresistance in thin film bilayer heterostructures of the heavy metal Pt and the antiferromagnetic insulator NiO. While rotating an external magnetic field in the easy plane of NiO, we record the…

The manipulation of magnetization in ferromagnetic metals (FMs) through orbital torque (OT) has emerged as a promising route for energy-efficient magnetic devices without relying on heavy metals. While Ti and Cu are among the most…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Daegeun Jo , Peter M. Oppeneer

Orbital currents provide a new degree of freedom for controlling magnetism, yet their interaction with lattice dynamics remains largely unexplored. Here we report a systematic investigation of the acoustic orbital Hall effect in light…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Mingxing Wu , Shilei Ding , Hiroki Matsumoto , Pietro Gambardella

The orbital Hall effect (OHE) in light transition metals offers a promising route to generate orbital torques for efficient magnetization control, providing an alternative to conventional spin Hall effect approaches that rely on heavy…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-06 Gaurav K. Shukla , Yoshio Miura , Mayank K. Singh , Shinji Isogami

We study spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Ni/Pt bi-layers and multi-layers by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and harmonic-Hall measurements. The effect of multi-layering and crystal orientation on field-like (FL) and damping-like (DL) torque…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-11-27 A. Sud , Y. -C. Lau , J. Brierley , H. Kurebayashi , T. Seki