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Recent critiques of Artificial-intelligence (AI)-generated visual content highlight concerns about the erosion of artistic originality, as these systems often replicate patterns from their training datasets, leading to significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Eva Cetinic

This work presents an open-source unified benchmarking and evaluation framework for text-to-image generation models, with a particular focus on the impact of metadata augmented prompts. Leveraging the DeepFashion-MultiModal dataset, we…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Kapil Wanaskar , Gaytri Jena , Magdalini Eirinaki

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied across diverse domains, raising concerns about their limitations and potential risks. In this study, we investigate two types of bias that LLMs may display: stereotype bias and deviation bias.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniel Wang , Eli Brignac , Minjia Mao , Xiao Fang

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have gained increased popularity in the public domain. While boasting impressive user-guided generative abilities, their black-box nature exposes users to intentionally- and intrinsically-biased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

We provide a new multi-task benchmark for evaluating text-to-image models. We perform a human evaluation comparing the most common open-source (Stable Diffusion) and commercial (DALL-E 2) models. Twenty computer science AI graduate students…

Large language models (LLMs) are solidifying their position in the modern world as effective tools for the automatic generation of text. Their use is quickly becoming commonplace in fields such as education, healthcare, and scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Luka Terčon , Kaja Dobrovoljc

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research across all disciplines is becoming ubiquitous. However, this ubiquity is largely driven by hyperspecific AI models developed during scientific studies for accomplishing a well-defined,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rishab Jain , Aditya Jain

As machine learning-enabled Text-to-Image (TTI) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent and seeing growing adoption as commercial services, characterizing the social biases they exhibit is a necessary first step to lowering their risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Christopher Akiki , Margaret Mitchell , Yacine Jernite

While stereotypes are well-documented in human social interactions, AI systems are often presumed to be less susceptible to such biases. Previous studies have focused on biases inherited from training data, but whether stereotypes can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jingyu Guo , Yingying Xu

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a large variety of domains has sparked worries about how easily they can perpetuate stereotypes and contribute to the generation of biased content. With a focus on gender and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Gioele Giachino , Marco Rondina , Antonio Vetrò , Riccardo Coppola , Juan Carlos De Martin

Text-to-image (TTI) systems, particularly those utilizing open-source frameworks, have become increasingly prevalent in the production of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated visuals. While existing literature has explored various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Laura Wagner , Eva Cetinic

Stereotype detection is a challenging and subjective task, as certain statements, such as "Black people like to play basketball," may not appear overtly toxic but still reinforce racial stereotypes. With the increasing prevalence of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zekun Wu , Sahan Bulathwela , Maria Perez-Ortiz , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

Plain text has become a prevalent interface for text-to-image synthesis. However, its limited customization options hinder users from accurately describing desired outputs. For example, plain text makes it hard to specify continuous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Songwei Ge , Taesung Park , Jun-Yan Zhu , Jia-Bin Huang

Bias in text-to-image (T2I) models can propagate unfair social representations and may be used to aggressively market ideas or push controversial agendas. Existing T2I model bias evaluation methods only focus on social biases. We look…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

While text-to-image synthesis currently enjoys great popularity among researchers and the general public, the security of these models has been neglected so far. Many text-guided image generation models rely on pre-trained text encoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Lukas Struppek , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Generative AI does not only replicate human creativity but also reproduces deep-seated cultural biases, making it crucial to critically examine how concepts like ugliness are understood and expressed by these tools. This study investigates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Garyoung Kim , Huisung Kwon , Seoju Yun , Yu-Won Youn

The power of machine learning systems not only promises great technical progress, but risks societal harm. As a recent example, researchers have shown that popular word embedding algorithms exhibit stereotypical biases, such as gender bias.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Marc-Etienne Brunet , Colleen Alkalay-Houlihan , Ashton Anderson , Richard Zemel

Current bias evaluations in Instruction Text-to-Speech (ITTS) often rely on univariate testing, overlooking the compositional structure of social cues. In this work, we investigate gender bias by modeling prompts as combinations of Social…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Kuan-Yu Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Po-Chung Hsieh , Huang-Cheng Chou , Chih-Fan Hsu , Jeng-Lin Li , Hung-yi Lee , Jian-Jiun Ding

Text-to-image generative models have recently exploded in popularity and accessibility. Yet so far, use of these models in creative tasks that bridge the 2D digital world and the creation of physical artefacts has been understudied. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Amy Smith , Hope Schroeder , Ziv Epstein , Michael Cook , Simon Colton , Andrew Lippman