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Generative image models produce striking visuals yet often misrepresent culture. Prior work has examined cultural bias mainly in text-to-image (T2I) systems, leaving image-to-image (I2I) editors underexplored. We bridge this gap with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Huichan Seo , Sieun Choi , Minki Hong , Yi Zhou , Junseo Kim , Lukman Ismaila , Naome Etori , Mehul Agarwal , Zhixuan Liu , Jihie Kim , Jean Oh

System prompts in Large Language Models (LLMs) are predefined directives that guide model behaviour, taking precedence over user inputs in text processing and generation. LLM deployers increasingly use them to ensure consistent responses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Anna Neumann , Elisabeth Kirsten , Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Jatinder Singh

Text-to-image generative models can produce photo-realistic images for an extremely broad range of concepts, and their usage has proliferated widely among the general public. On the flip side, these models have numerous drawbacks, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Minh Pham , Kelly O. Marshall , Niv Cohen , Govind Mittal , Chinmay Hegde

Generating images with a Text-to-Image model often requires multiple trials, where human users iteratively update their prompt based on feedback, namely the output image. Taking inspiration from cognitive work on reference games and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

As the demand for high-quality training data escalates, researchers have increasingly turned to generative models to create synthetic data, addressing data scarcity and enabling continuous model improvement. However, reliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zeliang Zhang , Xin Liang , Mingqian Feng , Susan Liang , Chenliang Xu

Recent advances in text-to-image generation models have unlocked vast potential for visual creativity. However, the users that use these models struggle with the generation of consistent characters, a crucial aspect for numerous real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Omri Avrahami , Amir Hertz , Yael Vinker , Moab Arar , Shlomi Fruchter , Ohad Fried , Daniel Cohen-Or , Dani Lischinski

Diffusion models excel in many generative modeling tasks, notably in creating images from text prompts, a task referred to as text-to-image (T2I) generation. Despite the ability to generate high-quality images, these models often replicate…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yang Zhang , Teoh Tze Tzun , Lim Wei Hern , Haonan Wang , Kenji Kawaguchi

We investigate the effect of automatically generated counter-stereotypes on gender bias held by users of various demographics on social media. Building on recent NLP advancements and social psychology literature, we evaluate two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Anna Kerkhof , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

While diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models provide a simple and powerful way to generate images, guiding this generation remains a challenge. For concepts that are difficult to describe through language, users may struggle to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-11 John Joon Young Chung , Eytan Adar

Text-to-image models are known to propagate social biases. For example, when prompted to generate images of people in certain professions, these models tend to systematically generate specific genders or ethnicities. In this paper, we show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Guorun Wang , Lucia Specia

Recent advancements in diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have enabled the generation of high-quality and photorealistic images from text. However, they often exhibit societal biases related to gender, race, and socioeconomic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jeonghoon Park , Juyoung Lee , Chaeyeon Chung , Jaeseong Lee , Jaegul Choo , Jindong Gu

The influence of textures on machine learning models has been an ongoing investigation, specifically in texture bias/learning, interpretability, and robustness. However, due to the lack of large and diverse texture data available, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Blaine Hoak , Patrick McDaniel

Text-to-image generative models often exhibit bias related to sensitive attributes. However, current research tends to focus narrowly on single-object prompts with limited contextual diversity. In reality, each object or attribute within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

State-of-the-art Text-to-Image models like Stable Diffusion and DALLE$\cdot$2 are revolutionizing how people generate visual content. At the same time, society has serious concerns about how adversaries can exploit such models to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Yiting Qu , Xinyue Shen , Xinlei He , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Model-based evaluation metrics (e.g., CLIPScore and GPTScore) have demonstrated decent correlations with human judgments in various language generation tasks. However, their impact on fairness remains largely unexplored. It is widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Haoyi Qiu , Zi-Yi Dou , Tianlu Wang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Nanyun Peng

Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images from textual inputs, yet concerns arise as research indicates their tendency to memorize and replicate training data, raising We also addressed the issue of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ruchika Chavhan , Ondrej Bohdal , Yongshuo Zong , Da Li , Timothy Hospedales

Text-to-image generation models have achieved strong performance in culturally homogeneous settings, yet their ability to generate multicultural scenes, where people and landmarks originate from different cultures, remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Parth Bhalerao , Mounika Yalamarty , Brian Trinh , Oana Ignat

In this study, I investigate how generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems reproduce and reinforce societal biases, with a specific focus on the representation of women, Black individuals, age groups, and people with visible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ayoob Sadeghiani

This paper investigates how popular text-to-image (T2I) models, DALL-E 3 and Gemini 3 Pro Preview, depict people from 206 nationalities when prompted to generate images of individuals engaging in common everyday activities. Five scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abdulkareem Alsudais

The strength of modern generative models lies in their ability to be controlled through text-based prompts. Typical "hard" prompts are made from interpretable words and tokens, and must be hand-crafted by humans. There are also "soft"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yuxin Wen , Neel Jain , John Kirchenbauer , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein
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