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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel in graph-based learning tasks, but their complex, non-linear operations often render them as opaque "black boxes". This opacity hinders user trust, complicates debugging, bias detection, and adoption in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 TC Singh , Sougata Mukherjea

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used deep learning models that learn meaningful representations from graph-structured data. Due to the finite nature of the underlying recurrent structure, current GNN methods may struggle to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Fangda Gu , Heng Chang , Wenwu Zhu , Somayeh Sojoudi , Laurent El Ghaoui

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely adopted in advanced AI systems due to their capability of representation learning on graph data. Even though GNN explanation is crucial to increase user trust in the systems, it is challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Tien-Cuong Bui , Wen-syan Li , Sang-Kyun Cha

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool for machine learning on graphs.GNNs combine node feature information with the graph structure by recursively passing neural messages along edges of the input graph. However, incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Rex Ying , Dylan Bourgeois , Jiaxuan You , Marinka Zitnik , Jure Leskovec

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated a significant boost in prediction performance on graph data. At the same time, the predictions made by these models are often hard to interpret. In that regard, many efforts have been made to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yiqiao Li , Jianlong Zhou , Sunny Verma , Fang Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing data with graph structures. The wide adoption in numerous applications underscores the value of these models. However, the complexity of these methods often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Tien Cuong Bui

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based machine-learning models that are popular in various domains, e.g., social media, transportation, and drug discovery. However, owing to complex data representations, GNNs do not easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Pantea Habibi , Peyman Baghershahi , Sourav Medya , Debaleena Chattopadhyay

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models. Inspired by the learning to explain (L2X) paradigm, we propose L2XGNN, a framework for explainable GNNs which provides faithful explanations by design. L2XGNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Giuseppe Serra , Mathias Niepert

Recent years have seen the vast potential of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) in many fields where data is structured as graphs (e.g., chemistry, recommender systems). In particular, GNNs are becoming increasingly popular in the field of…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a standard approach for learning from graph-structured data. However, their reliance on parametric classifiers (most often linear softmax layers) limits interpretability and sometimes hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zeljko Bolevic , Milos Brajovic , Isidora Stankovic , Ljubisa Stankovic

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based deep-learning models that have gained significant attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in various domains, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jaykumar Kakkad , Jaspal Jannu , Kartik Sharma , Charu Aggarwal , Sourav Medya

One significant challenge of exploiting Graph neural networks (GNNs) in real-life scenarios is that they are always treated as black boxes, therefore leading to the requirement of interpretability. To address this, model-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xiao Yue , Guangzhi Qu , Lige Gan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great ability in modeling graph-structured data for various domains. However, GNNs are known as black-box models that lack interpretability. Without understanding their inner working, we cannot fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

As one of the most popular machine learning models today, graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted intense interest recently, and so does their explainability. Users are increasingly interested in a better understanding of GNN models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kenza Amara , Rex Ying , Zitao Zhang , Zhihao Han , Yinan Shan , Ulrik Brandes , Sebastian Schemm , Ce Zhang

Generating explanations for graph neural networks (GNNs) has been studied to understand their behavior in analytical tasks such as graph classification. Existing approaches aim to understand the overall results of GNNs rather than providing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Tingyang Chen , Dazhuo Qiu , Yinghui Wu , Arijit Khan , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao

Graphs are ubiquitous in many applications, such as social networks, knowledge graphs, smart grids, etc.. Graph neural networks (GNN) are the current state-of-the-art for these applications, and yet remain obscure to humans. Explaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Yazheng Liu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly ubiquitous in numerous applications and systems, necessitating explanations of their predictions, especially when making critical decisions. However, explaining GNNs is challenging due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Tien-Cuong Bui , Van-Duc Le , Wen-syan Li , Sang Kyun Cha

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have various practical applications, such as drug discovery, recommendation engines, and chip design. However, GNNs lack transparency as they cannot provide understandable explanations for their predictions. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Samidha Verma , Burouj Armgaan , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu

Explainable Graph Neural Network (GNN) has emerged recently to foster the trust of using GNNs. Existing GNN explainers are developed from various perspectives to enhance the explanation performance. We take the first step to study GNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jiate Li , Meng Pang , Yun Dong , Jinyuan Jia , Binghui Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances on several fundamental inference tasks. As a result, there is a surge of interest in using these models for making potentially important decisions in high-regret applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaidi Xu , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Mengshu Sun , Caiwen Ding , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin
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