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Christian Ludwig Gerling's 1817 appointment as Professor for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy resulted in the foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Institute of the Philipps University. In 1838, Gerling moved onto new premises in…
Jean Deshayes, a teacher of mathematics in his native France, single-handedly put Qu\'ebec on the map, literally. An accomplished astronomer, he used the lunar eclipse of 10--11 December 1685 to determine the settlement's longitude to…
During the summer of 1837 Christian Ludwig Gerling, a former student of Carl Friedrich Gau{\ss}'s, organized the world wide first determination of the deflection of the vertical in longitude. From a mobile observatory at the Frauenberg near…
This is a guided tour through some selected topics in geometric analysis. We have chosen to illustrate many of the basic ideas as they apply to the theory of minimal surfaces. This is, in part, because minimal surfaces is, if not the…
This is a translation from Latin of E348 'Methodus facilis motus corporum coelestium utcunque perturbatos ad rationem calculi astronomici revocandi', in which Euler develops a method to alleviate the astronomical computations in a typical…
The thoughts expressed in this article are based on remarks made by J\"urgen Ehlers at the Albert-Einstein-Institut, Golm, Germany in July 2007. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate, in terms of plausible order-of-magnitude…
Euclidean distance geometry is the study of Euclidean geometry based on the concept of distance. This is useful in several applications where the input data consists of an incomplete set of distances, and the output is a set of points in…
In 1917 F. Klein proposed his work on projective geometry to A. Einstein for further developments of general relativity. Klein had a peculiar way to consider the relationship between mathematics and physics, based on his Erlanger Programm…
This paper wants to show how practical geometry, created to give a concrete help to people involved in trade, in land-surveying and even in astronomy, underwent a transformation that underlined its didactical value and turned it first into…
I will consider some questions related to Euler's work on cartography and its consequences, in which the foliations of the sphere by meridians and parallels play important roles.
So far, the most magnificent breakthrough in mathematics in the 21st century is the Geometrization Theorem, a bold conjecture by William Thurston (generalizing Poincar\'e's Conjecture) and proved by Grigory Perelman, based on the program…
These are lecture notes for a short winter course at the Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, Portugal, December 6--8, 2018. The course was part of the 13th International Young Researchers Workshop on Geometry, Mechanics and…
This is the English translation of Leonhard Euler's Latin paper "De solidis quorum superficiem in planum explicare licet". Euler explains several methods to obtain equations for developable surfaces. Therefore, this paper might be…
Felix Klein's so-called Erlangen Program was published in 1872 as professoral dissertation. It proposed a new solution to the problem how to classify and characterize geometries on the basis of projective geometry and group theory. The…
We survey some recent applications of machine learning to problems in geometry and theoretical physics. Pure mathematical data has been compiled over the last few decades by the community and experiments in supervised, semi-supervised and…
This is a point of view of the work of Herbert Busemann (1905-1994), seen as a return to the geometry of Ancient Greece. The importance of this work, its recognition and its relation with other works are discussed. The final version of this…
Projective geometry provides the preferred framework for most implementations of Euclidean space in graphics applications. Translations and rotations are both linear transformations in projective geometry, which helps when it comes to…
This is the first paper in a series (of four) designed to show how to use geometric algebras of multivectors and extensors to a novel presentation of some topics of differential geometry which are important for a deeper understanding of…
In the historical literature there has been an extended discussion on the question, whether the report of Sartorius von Waltershausen about C. F. Gauss checking the largest triangle of the geodetical measurement campaign in the kingdom of…
Isaak Moiseevich Yaglom deduced complete classification of geometric spaces. In this work, supposed to your attention, author formalizes Yaglom's approach and constructs uniform theory of geometric spaces on analytic level. Among its…