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This article is about Artin's braid group and its role in knot theory. We set ourselves two goals: (i) to provide enough of the essential background so that our review would be accessible to graduate students, and (ii) to focus on those…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joan S. Birman , Tara E. Brendle

The Ehresmann-Schein-Nambooripad theorem gives a structure theorem for inverse monoids: they are inductive groupoids. A particularly nice case due to Jarek is that commutative inverse monoids become semilattices of abelian groups. It has…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-12 Robin Cockett , Chris Heunen

We examine from an invariant theory viewpoint the monoid algebras for two monoids having large symmetry groups. The first monoid is the free left-regular band on $n$ letters, defined on the set of all injective words, that is, the words…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-11 Sarah Brauner , Patricia Commins , Victor Reiner

In our earlier article~\cite{CanSakran} we initiated a study of the complement-finite submonoids of the group of integer points of a unipotent linear algebraic group. In the present article, we continue to develop tools and techniques for…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Mahir Bilen Can , Naufil Sakran

This survey explores knot polynomials and their categorification, culminating in the homological invariants of knots. We begin with an overview of classical knot polynomials, progressing towards the superpolynomial and its role in unifying…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Shivrat Sachdeva

We classify and enumerate the idempotents in several planar diagram monoids: namely, the Motzkin, Jones (a.k.a. Temperley-Lieb) and Kauffman monoids. The classification is in terms of certain vertex- and edge-coloured graphs associated to…

We extend knot contact homology to a theory over the ring $\mathbb{Z}[\lambda^{\pm 1},\mu^{\pm 1}]$, with the invariant given topologically and combinatorially. The improved invariant, which is defined for framed knots in $S^3$ and can be…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-06-11 Lenhard Ng

By considering homotopies that preserve the stratification, one obtains a natural notion of homotopy for stratified spaces. In this short note, we introduce invariants of stratified homotopy, the stratified homotopy groups. We show that…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-04-04 Sylvain Douteau

Graph monoids arise naturally in the study of non-stable K-theory of graph C*-algebras and Leavitt path algebras. They play also an important role in the current approaches to the realization problem for von Neumann regular rings. In this…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-03-02 P. Ara , E. Pardo

Differential modules over a commutative differential ring R which are finitely generated projective as ring modules, with differential homomorphisms, form an additive category, so their isomorphism classes form a monoid. We study the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Lourdes Juan , Andy Magid

We investigate the Brauer class of the endomorphism algebra of the motive attached to a non-CM form. The ramification of the algebra is shown in many cases to be controlled by the normalized slopes of the form.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Enrique González-Jiménez , Eknath Ghate , Jordi Quer

As a generalization of the classical knots, knotoids deal with the open ended knot diagrams in a surface. In recent years, many polynomial invariants for knotoids have appeared, such as the bracket polynomial, the index polynomial and the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Yi Feng , Fengling Li

We present an open-closed topological quantum field theory for inverse monoids which generalizes the theory of principle fiber bundles with finite gauge group over Riemann surfaces with boundary. The theory is constructed using the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 Jan Troost

For a simple, normal and finite extension of a valued field, we prove that we can related the order of the ramification group of the field extension and the set of key polynomials associated to the extension of the valuation. More…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-29 Jean-Christophe San Saturnino

The notion of the weighted core inverse in a ring with involution was introduced, recently [Mosic et al. Comm. Algebra, 2018; 46(6); 2332-2345]. In this paper, we explore new representation and characterization of the weighted core inverse…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Sourav Das , Jajati Keshari Sahoo , Ratikanta Behera

Solenoids are ``inverse limits'' of the circle, and the classical knot theory is the theory of tame embeddings of the circle into the 3-space. We give some general study, including certain classification results, of tame embeddings of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Boju Jiang , Shicheng Wang , Hao Zheng , Qing Zhou

The partial automorphism monoid of an inverse semigroup is an inverse monoid consisting of all isomorphisms between its inverse subsemigroups. We prove that a tightly connected fundamental inverse semigroup $S$ with no isolated nontrivial…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Simon M. Goberstein

We study a monoid associated to complex semisimple Lie algebras, called the quantic monoid. Its monoid ring is shown to be isomorphic to a degenerate quantized enveloping algebra. Moreover, we provide normal forms and a straightening…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Markus Reineke

We define and study the notion of a crossed module over an inverse semigroup and the corresponding $4$-term exact sequences, called crossed module extensions. For a crossed module $A$ over an $F$-inverse monoid $T$, we show that equivalence…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-11 Mikhailo Dokuchaev , Mykola Khrypchenko , Mayumi Makuta

The concepts of twisted knot theory and singular knot theory inspire the introduction of singular twisted knot theory. This study showcases similar findings for singular twisted links, including the Alexander theorem and the Markov theorem…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Komal Negi , Madeti Prabhakar