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This is the second part of a series of three strongly related papers in which three equivalent structures are studied: - internal categories in categories of monoids; defined in terms of pullbacks relative to a chosen class of spans -…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Gabriella Böhm

In this paper we discuss the applications of knotoids to modelling knots in open curves and produce new knotoid invariants. We show how invariants of knotoids generally give rise to well-behaved measures of how much an open curve is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Wout Moltmaker , Roland van der Veen

Tied links and the tied braid monoid were introduced recently by the authors and used to define new invariants for classical links. Here, we give a version purely algebraic-combinatoric of tied links. With this new version we prove that the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Francesca Aicardi , Jesus Juyumaya

We curry the elementary arithmetic operations of addition and multiplication to give monotone injections on N, and describe & study the inverse monoids that arise from also considering their generalised inverses. This leads to well-known…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Peter M. Hines

The investigation and classification of non-unique factorization phenomena has attracted some interest in recent literature. For finitely generated monoids, S.T. Chapman and P.A. Garc\'ia-S\'anchez, together with several co-authors, derived…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-05 Andreas Philipp

This is the second in a series of papers that develops the theory of reflection monoids, motivated by the theory of reflection groups. Reflection monoids were first introduced in arXiv:0812.2789. In this paper we study their presentations…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-26 Brent Everitt , John Fountain

We present an elementary introduction to one of the most important today knot theory approaches, which gives rise to a representation for a class of knot polynomials in terms of quantum groups. Historically, the approach was at the same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 A. Anokhina

Inspired by methods in prime characteristic in commutative algebra, we introduce and study combinatorial invariants of seminormal monoids. We relate such numbers with the singularities and homological invariants of the semigroup ring…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-09-04 Alessandro De Stefani , Jonathan Montaño , Luis Núñez-Betancourt

A monoid structure on families of representations of a quiver is introduced by taking extensions of representations in families, i.e. subvarieties of the varieties of representations. The study of this monoid leads to interesting…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Markus Reineke

In this paper we study the theory of multi-knotoids in the annulus and in the torus, building up from the theory of planar knotoids to the theory of toroidal knotoids through the theory of annular knotoids. We introduce the concept of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Ioannis Diamantis , Sofia Lambropoulou , Sonia Mahmoudi

We introduce a class of inverse monoids that can be regarded as non-commutative generalizations of Boolean algebras. These inverse monoids are related to a class of \'etale topological groupoids, under a non-commutative generalization of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Mark V Lawson

A prefix monoid is a finitely generated submonoid of a finitely presented group generated by the prefixes of its defining relators. Important results of Guba (1997), and of Ivanov, Margolis and Meakin (2001), show how the word problem for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Igor Dolinka , Robert D. Gray

We define and explore semireflection monoids on a finite-dimensional vector space. These are monoids generated by semireflections: linear maps fixing a subspace of codimension 1. We mostly focus on the case of projection monoids (where the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Matthew Fayers

We introduce an invariant of tangles in Khovanov homology by considering a natural inverse system of Khovanov homology groups. As application, we derive an invariant of strongly invertible knots; this invariant takes the form of a graded…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-04-07 Liam Watson

There are well known relations between braid groups and symmetric groups, between Artin-Briskorn braid groups and Coxeter groups. Inverse braid monoid the same way is related to the inverse symmetric monoid. In the paper we show that…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-20 V. V. Vershinin

We survey results devoted to the lattice of varieties of monoids. Along with known results, some unpublished results are given with proofs. A number of open questions and problems are also formulated.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-24 Sergey V. Gusev , Edmond W. H. Lee , Boris M. Vernikov

We describe the equivariant cohomology ring of rationally smooth projective embeddings of reductive groups. These embeddings are the projectivizations of reductive monoids. Our main result describes their equivariant cohomology in terms of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-07-21 Richard Gonzales

In this paper we present a categorical version of the first and second fundamental theorems of the invariant theory for the quantized symplectic groups. Our methods depend on the theory of braided strict monoidal categories which are…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Zhankui Xiao , Yuping Yang , Yinhuo Zhang

It is a study note detailing the connection between Boolean inverse monoids and ample groupoids.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Chi-Keung Ng , Rui Tian

We describe in this note a new invariant of rooted trees. We argue that the invariant is interesting on it own, and that it has connections to knot theory and homological algebra. However, the real reason that we propose this invariant to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Jozef H. Przytycki