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We consider the problem of unsupervised skill segmentation and hierarchical structure discovery in reinforcement learning. While recent approaches have sought to segment trajectories into reusable skills or options, most rely on action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Damion Harvey , Geraud Nangue Tasse , Benjamin Rosman , Branden Ingram , Steven James

Symbolic music understanding, which refers to the understanding of music from the symbolic data (e.g., MIDI format, but not audio), covers many music applications such as genre classification, emotion classification, and music pieces…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Mingliang Zeng , Xu Tan , Rui Wang , Zeqian Ju , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

Music is inherently made up of complex structures, and representing them as graphs helps to capture multiple levels of relationships. While music generation has been explored using various deep generation techniques, research on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Wen Qing Lim , Jinhua Liang , Huan Zhang

Structuring latent representations in a hierarchical manner enables models to learn patterns at multiple levels of abstraction. However, most prevalent image understanding models focus on visual similarity, and learning visual hierarchies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ziwei Wang , Sameera Ramasinghe , Chenchen Xu , Julien Monteil , Loris Bazzani , Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan

Real music signals are highly variable, yet they have strong statistical structure. Prior information about the underlying physical mechanisms by which sounds are generated and rules by which complex sound structure is constructed (notes,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-13 Pablo A. Alvarado , Dan Stowell

Deep Metric Learning (DML) plays a critical role in various machine learning tasks. However, most existing deep metric learning methods with binary similarity are sensitive to noisy labels, which are widely present in real-world data. Since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jiexi Yan , Lei Luo , Cheng Deng , Heng Huang

In this paper, we introduce a simple method that can separate arbitrary musical instruments from an audio mixture. Given an unaligned MIDI transcription for a target instrument from an input mixture, we synthesize new mixtures from the midi…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Ethan Manilow , Bryan Pardo

Applications of deep learning to automatic multitrack mixing are largely unexplored. This is partly due to the limited available data, coupled with the fact that such data is relatively unstructured and variable. To address these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-21 Christian J. Steinmetz , Jordi Pons , Santiago Pascual , Joan Serrà

We propose a transformer-based rhythm quantization model that incorporates beat and downbeat information to quantize MIDI performances into metrically-aligned, human-readable scores. We propose a beat-based preprocessing method that…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Maximilian Wachter , Sebastian Murgul , Michael Heizmann

Given the difficulty of manually annotating motion in video, the current best motion estimation methods are trained with synthetic data, and therefore struggle somewhat due to a train/test gap. Self-supervised methods hold the promise of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xinglong Sun , Adam W. Harley , Leonidas J. Guibas

Music rearrangement is a common music practice of reconstructing and reconceptualizing a piece using new composition or instrumentation styles, which is also an important task of automatic music generation. Existing studies typically model…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Jingwei Zhao , Gus Xia , Ye Wang

Symmetries are key properties of physical models and of experimental designs, but any proposed symmetry may or may not be realized in nature. In this paper, we introduce a practical and general method to test such suspected symmetries in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-25 Rupert Tombs , Christopher G. Lester

Music rearrangement involves reshuffling, deleting, and repeating sections of a music piece with the goal of producing a standalone version that has a different duration. It is a creative and time-consuming task commonly performed by an…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Christos Plachouras , Marius Miron

We present a supervised neural network model for polyphonic piano music transcription. The architecture of the proposed model is analogous to speech recognition systems and comprises an acoustic model and a music language model. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-12 Siddharth Sigtia , Emmanouil Benetos , Simon Dixon

Automatic music transcription converts audio recordings into symbolic representations, facilitating music analysis, retrieval, and generation. A musical note is characterized by pitch, onset, and offset in an audio domain, whereas it is…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Leekyung Kim , Sungwook Jeon , Wan Heo , Jonghun Park

Semi-supervised algorithms aim to learn prediction functions from a small set of labeled observations and a large set of unlabeled observations. Because this framework is relevant in many applications, they have received a lot of interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Massih-Reza Amini , Vasilii Feofanov , Loic Pauletto , Lies Hadjadj , Emilie Devijver , Yury Maximov

Providing technologies to communities or domains where training data is scarce or protected e.g., for privacy reasons, is becoming increasingly important. To that end, we generalise methods for unsupervised transfer from multiple input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Kemal Kurniawan , Lea Frermann , Philip Schulz , Trevor Cohn

Symbolic Music Emotion Recognition(SMER) is to predict music emotion from symbolic data, such as MIDI and MusicXML. Previous work mainly focused on learning better representation via (mask) language model pre-training but ignored the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Jibao Qiu , C. L. Philip Chen , Tong Zhang

Symbolic music analysis tasks are often performed by models originally developed for Natural Language Processing, such as Transformers. Such models require the input data to be represented as sequences, which is achieved through a process…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Dinh-Viet-Toan Le , Louis Bigo , Mikaela Keller