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FNO and DeepONet are by far the most popular neural operator learning algorithms. FNO seems to enjoy an edge in popularity due to its ease of use, especially with high dimensional data. However, a lesser-acknowledged feature of DeepONet is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Waleed Diab , Mohammed Al-Kobaisi

Microstructural evolution, particularly grain growth, plays a critical role in shaping the physical, optical, and electronic properties of materials. Traditional phase-field modeling accurately simulates these phenomena but is…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-15 Iman Peivaste , Ahmed Makradi , Salim Belouettar

Neural Operators (NOs) are a leading method for surrogate modeling of partial differential equations. Unlike traditional neural networks, which approximate individual functions, NOs learn the mappings between function spaces. While NOs have…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-01 Keith Poletti , Stella S. R. Offner , Rachel A. Ward

We apply Fourier neural operators (FNOs), a state-of-the-art operator learning technique, to forecast the temporal evolution of experimentally measured velocity fields. FNOs are a recently developed machine learning method capable of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-01-23 Peter I Renn , Cong Wang , Sahin Lale , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar , Morteza Gharib

Seismic monitoring of carbon storage sequestration is a challenging problem involving both fluid-flow physics and wave physics. Additionally, monitoring usually requires the solvers for these physics to be coupled and differentiable to…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-12-19 Ziyi Yin , Ali Siahkoohi , Mathias Louboutin , Felix J. Herrmann

Data assimilation (DA) is crucial for enhancing solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs), such as those in numerical weather prediction, by optimizing initial conditions using observational data. Variational DA methods are widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hamidreza Moazzami , Asma Jamali , Nicholas Kevlahan , Rodrigo A. Vargas-Hernández

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) offer a principled approach to solving challenging partial differential equations (PDE) such as turbulent flows. At the core of FNO is a spectral layer that leverages a discretization-convergent representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Robert Joseph George , Jiawei Zhao , Jean Kossaifi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are a recently introduced neural network architecture for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), which have been shown to perform significantly better than comparable deep…

Predicting plasma evolution within a Tokamak is crucial to building a sustainable fusion reactor. Whether in the simulation space or within the experimental domain, the capability to forecast the spatio-temporal evolution of plasma field…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Vignesh Gopakumar , Stanislas Pamela , Lorenzo Zanisi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar , MAST Team

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have proven to be an efficient and effective method for resolution-independent operator learning in a broad variety of application areas across scientific machine learning. A key reason for their success is…

Exploring the outer atmosphere of the sun has remained a significant bottleneck in astrophysics, given the intricate magnetic formations that significantly influence diverse solar events. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations allow us to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-10 Yutao Du , Qin Li , Raghav Gnanasambandam , Mengnan Du , Haimin Wang , Bo Shen

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is an important strategy in mitigating anthropogenic CO$_2$ emissions. In order for CCS to be successful, large quantities of CO$_2$ must be stored and the storage site conformance must be monitored.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Kristian Gundersen , Seyyed A. Hosseini , Anna Oleynik , Guttorm Alendal

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a dominant pollutant in urban areas due to the energy generation from fossil fuels for industry, automobile, and domestic requirements. Forecasting the evolution of CO in real-time can enable the deployment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sanchit Bedi , Karn Tiwari , Prathosh A. P. , Sri Harsha Kota , N. M. Anoop Krishnan

Neural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. While these operators perform effectively in either the time or frequency domain, their performance may be limited when applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Karn Tiwari , N M Anoop Krishnan , A P Prathosh

The numerical approximation of the Boltzmann collision operator presents significant challenges arising from its high dimensionality, nonlinear structure, and nonlocal integral form. In this work, we propose a Fourier Neural Operator (FNO)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Boyun Hu , Kunlun Qi

Neural operators are becoming the default tools to learn solutions to governing partial differential equations (PDEs) in weather and ocean forecasting applications. Despite early promising achievements, significant challenges remain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Vahidreza Jahanmard , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Robinson Hordoir

Spatio-temporal process models are often used for modeling dynamic physical and biological phenomena that evolve across space and time. These phenomena may exhibit environmental heterogeneity and complex interactions that are difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Pratik Nag , Andrew Zammit-Mangion , Sumeetpal Singh , Noel Cressie

Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) is a powerful and popular operator learning method. However, FNO is mainly used in forward prediction, yet a great many applications rely on solving inverse problems. In this paper, we propose an invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Long , Zhitong Xu , Qiwei Yuan , Yin Yang , Shandian Zhe

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is the transfer and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils, which plays an important role in climate change mitigation. SOC concentration can be improved by proper land use, thus it is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-23 Ken C. L. Wong , Levente Klein , Ademir Ferreira da Silva , Hongzhi Wang , Jitendra Singh , Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood

Efficient and accurate time-domain simulation of electromagnetic fields in complex photonic devices is critical for designing broadband and ultrafast optical components, yet it is often limited by the high computational cost of conventional…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-05 Zaifan Wu , Yue You , Xian Zhou , Fan Zhang