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We study the problem of deploying a fleet of mobile robots to service tasks that arrive stochastically over time and at random locations in an environment. This is known as the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) and requires robots to…

Ready Mixed Concrete Delivery Problem (RMCDP) is a multi-objective multi-constraint dynamic combinatorial optimization problem. From the operational research prospective, it is a real life logistic problem that is hard to be solved with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Mohamed Masoud , Saeid Belkasim

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) form a class of combinatorial problems with wide practical applications. While previous heuristic or learning-based works achieve decent solutions on small problem instances of up to 100 cities, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Sirui Li , Zhongxia Yan , Cathy Wu

The Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP) is an important variant of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that aims to find routes that minimize the total traveling cost of a heterogeneous fleet of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Vinícius R. Máximo , Jean-François Cordeau , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

We give a polynomial time, $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for the traveling repairman problem (TRP) in the Euclidean plane and on weighted trees. This improves on the known quasi-polynomial time approximation schemes for these…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 René Sitters

The Team Orienteering Problem (TOP) is an attractive variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The aim is to select customers and at the same time organize the visits for a vehicle fleet so as to maximize the collected profits and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Racha El-Hajj , Duc-Cuong Dang , Aziz Moukrim

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning approach to optimize the Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (SVRP), focusing on reducing travel costs in goods delivery. We develop a novel SVRP formulation that accounts for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zangir Iklassov , Ikboljon Sobirov , Ruben Solozabal , Martin Takac

In the NP-hard \textsc{Group Closeness Centrality Maximization} problem, the input is a graph $G = (V,E)$ and a positive integer $k$, and the task is to find a set $S \subseteq V$ of size $k$ that maximizes the reciprocal of group farness…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Christian Schulz , Jakob Ternes , Henning Woydt

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem is a well-known NP-hard problem that poses the challenge of finding the optimal route of a vehicle delivering products to multiple locations. Recently, new efforts have emerged to create constructive…

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) extends the capacitated vehicle routing problem by incorporating battery constraints and charging stations, posing significant optimization challenges. This paper introduces a Trilevel Memetic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ivan Milinović , Leon Stjepan Uroić , Marko Đurasević

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimisation problems for which numerous models and algorithms have been proposed. To tackle the complexities, uncertainties and dynamics involved in…

This paper reviews the current progress in applying machine learning (ML) tools to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, with a focus on routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the vehicle routing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangting Zhou , Attila Lischka , Balazs Kulcsar , Jiaming Wu , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani , Gilbert Laporte

Conflict-Free Vehicle Routing Problems (CF-VRPs) arise in manufacturing, transportation and logistics facilities where Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are utilized to move loads. Unlike \textit{Vehicle Routing Problems} arising in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Emanuela Guerriero

Unlike its deterministic counterpart, static and stochastic vehicle routing problems (SS-VRP) aim at modeling and solving real-life operational problems by considering uncertainty on data. We consider the SS-VRPTW-CR introduced in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Michael Saint-Guillain , Christine Solnon , Yves Deville

We are in the midst of a semi-autonomous era in urban transportation in which varying forms of vehicle autonomy are gradually being introduced. This phase of partial autonomy is anticipated by some to span a few decades due to various…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Hins Hu , Samitha Samaranayake

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a fundamental NP-hard task in intelligent transportation systems with broad applications in logistics and distribution. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Le Tung Giang , Vu Hoang Viet , Nguyen Xuan Tung , Trinh Van Chien , Won-Joo Hwang

A recent study on the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) introduced an adaptive version of the widely used Iterated Local Search (ILS) paradigm, hybridized with a path-relinking strategy (PR). The solution method, called…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Vinícius R. Máximo , Jean-François Cordeau , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

We formulate a global-position colored-permutation encoding for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Each of the $K$ vehicles selects a disjoint partial permutation, and the sum of these $K$ color layers forms a full $n\times n$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Chinonso Onah , Kristel Michielsen

This paper considers an extension of the vehicle routing problem with synchronization constraints and introduces the vehicle routing problem with multiple synchronization constraints and variable service time. This important problem is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Faisal Alkaabneh , Rabiatu Bonku

Hybrid quantum optimization for vehicle routing faces a practical bottleneck: direct QUBO encodings of CVRP quickly exceed near-term qubit and gate budgets, while quantum evaluations are expensive, noise-limited, and sensitive to backend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau