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Large language models like GPT-4, Gemini, and Claude have transformed natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering, dialogue generation, summarization, and so forth; yet their susceptibility to hallucination stands as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nur A Zarin Nishat , Andrea Coletta , Luigi Bellomarini , Kossi Amouzouvi , Jens Lehmann , Sahar Vahdati

Reasoning over natural language is a long-standing goal for the research community. However, studies have shown that existing language models are inadequate in reasoning. To address the issue, we present POET, a novel reasoning pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xinyu Pi , Qian Liu , Bei Chen , Morteza Ziyadi , Zeqi Lin , Qiang Fu , Yan Gao , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Cognitive Reframing, a core element of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), helps individuals reinterpret negative experiences by finding positive meaning. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yilin Qi , Dong Won Lee , Cynthia Breazeal , Hae Won Park

Language is typically modelled with discrete sequences. However, the most successful approaches to language modelling, namely neural networks, are continuous and smooth function approximators. In this work, we show that Transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Samuele Marro , Davide Evangelista , X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Michele Lombardi , Michael Wooldridge

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities with core Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The effectiveness of LMs for highly specialized knowledge-intensive tasks in finance remains difficult to assess due to major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Glenn Matlin , Mika Okamoto , Huzaifa Pardawala , Yang Yang , Sudheer Chava

The widespread adoption of large language and vision models in real-world applications has made urgent the need to address hallucinations -- instances where models produce incorrect or nonsensical outputs. These errors can propagate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhengyi Ho , Siyuan Liang , Dacheng Tao

CLIP is one of the most popular foundational models and is heavily used for many vision-language tasks. However, little is known about the inner workings of CLIP. To bridge this gap we propose a study to quantify the interpretability in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Avinash Madasu , Yossi Gandelsman , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Narrative understanding involves capturing the author's cognitive processes, providing insights into their knowledge, intentions, beliefs, and desires. Although large language models (LLMs) excel in generating grammatically coherent text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lixing Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Lin Gui , Yulan He

While Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) internalize a great amount of world knowledge, they have been shown incapable of recalling these knowledge to solve tasks requiring complex & multi-step reasoning. Similar to how humans develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Boshi Wang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

A new language model for speech recognition inspired by linguistic analysis is presented. The model develops hidden hierarchical structure incrementally and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history - thus enabling the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba , Frederick Jelinek

Illusions are entertaining, but they are also a useful diagnostic tool in cognitive science, philosophy, and neuroscience. A typical illusion shows a gap between how something "really is" and how something "appears to be", and this gap…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-30 Tomer Ullman

There is a huge performance gap between formal and informal language understanding tasks. The recent pre-trained models that improved the performance of formal language understanding tasks did not achieve a comparable result on informal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Jing Gu , Zhou Yu

In high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance, effective decision-making demands not just accurate outcomes but transparent and explainable reasoning. However, current language models often lack the structured deliberation needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xiusi Chen , Shanyong Wang , Cheng Qian , Hongru Wang , Peixuan Han , Heng Ji

This work evaluates FinGPT, a financial domain-specific language model, across six key natural language processing (NLP) tasks: Sentiment Analysis, Text Classification, Named Entity Recognition, Financial Question Answering, Text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Prudence Djagba , Chimezie A. Odinakachukwu

Metonymy and metaphor often co-occur in natural language, yet computational work has studied them largely in isolation. We introduce a framework that transforms a literal sentence into three figurative variants: metonymic, metaphoric, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Saptarshi Ghosh , Tianyu Jiang

Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Akshar Tumu , Varad Shinde , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Text-driven diffusion models have become increasingly popular for various image editing tasks, including inpainting, stylization, and object replacement. However, it still remains an open research problem to adopt this language-vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenyang Qi , Zhengzhong Tu , Keren Ye , Mauricio Delbracio , Peyman Milanfar , Qifeng Chen , Hossein Talebi

Recent studies on pre-trained language models have demonstrated their ability to capture factual knowledge and applications in knowledge-aware downstream tasks. In this work, we present a language model pre-training framework guided by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Bin He , Xin Jiang , Jinghui Xiao , Qun Liu