Related papers: Are Leptons as elementary as Quarks?
We discuss various aspects of the early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons based on the gauge group G_PUT=SU(4)_PS x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x SU(2)_H. This unification takes place at the scale M= O(1-2 TeV) and gives the correct…
A new internal description of fundamental fermions (quarks and leptons), based on a matrix-generalization (F) of the scalar fermion-number f, predicts that only three families of quarks and leptons, and their associated neutrinos (nu_e,…
The complementarity between the quark and lepton mixing matrices is shown to provide robust predictions. We obtain these predictions by first showing that the matrix V_M, product of the quark (CKM) and lepton (PMNS) mixing matrices, may…
Supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Theories with Yukawa unification represent an appealing possibility for physics beyond the Standard Model. However Yukawa unification is made difficult by large threshold corrections to the bottom mass.…
It is argued that the three families of quarks and leptons are the building blocks of all matter and all forces (leaving out gravity) among them are mediated by photons ($\gamma$), the weak bosons ($W^\pm$ and $Z$) and the gluons.
It is shown that it is possible to create successful models of flavor for both quarks and leptons using the discrete non-abelian group $T^{\prime}$ by itself. Two simple realizations are presented that can be used as the starting point for…
A relativistic quantized particle model avoids difficulties through (1) a Hamiltonian undecomposable into H=H(0)+H(I), (2) a separation of the evolution parameter s from dynamics, (3) "leptons" and "hadrons" composed of "quarks," and (4)…
We propose a low-scale renormalizable trinification theory that successfully explains the flavor hierarchies and neutrino puzzle in the Standard Model (SM), as well as provides a dark matter candidate and also contains the necessary means…
An unorthodox unified theory is developed to describe external and internal attributes and symmetries of fundamental fermions, quarks and leptons. Basic ingredients of the theory are an algebra which consists of all the…
The Standard Model has three generations of fermions and although it does not contain any explicit reason for this, the existence of additional generations is now very constrained by experiment. Present measurements are saturating…
This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the primordial composition of the Universe in the temperature range 300 MeV>T>0.02 MeV. I exploit known properties of elementary particles and apply methods of kinetic theory and…
We construct renormalizable Standard Model extensions, valid up to the Planck scale, that give a composite Higgs from a new fundamental strong force acting on fermions and scalars. Yukawa interactions of these particles with Standard Model…
Similarity between the weak interaction properties of quarks and leptons has led to suggestions that the origin of lepton mixing angles may be related to those of quarks. In this paper, we present a gauge model based on $SU(2)_L \times…
We show how, using multipartite entanglement, the symmetries among bosons and fermions of the Standard Model of particle physics emerge. Fermions belong to tripartite maximally entangled classes starting with basic chiral right and left…
The mass of an electroweakly charged lepton consists of the two components of electric and weak nature, and regardless of the difference in masses, all leptons have an equal charge, the same charge radius as well as an identical magnetic…
We conjecture how the particle content of the standard model can emerge starting with a supersymmetric Wess-Zumino model in 1+1 dimensions (d = 2) with three real boson and fermion fields. Considering SU(3) transformations, the lagrangian…
The flipped trinification, a framework for unifying the 3-3-1 and left-right symmetries, has recently been proposed in order to solve profound questions, the weak parity violation and the number of families, besides the implication for…
Under the conception that the total number three of fermion families must have the one and the same gauge theoretical origin as all other threes which accompany the single family grand unifiable group structure, we trade the trinification…
Simple arguments based on uncertainty principle and Dirac's equation are examined which show that electron behaves either as a point-like charge or as an extended distribution according as high- or low-energy experiments are considered.
If the scale dependence of a Yukawa matrix is assumed to be determined entirely by the dominant 33-element, then the renormalization group equations can be expressed in terms of two separate equations: a differential equation for the…