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Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain a wealth of patient data; however, the sparsity of EHRs data often presents significant challenges for predictive modeling. Conventional imputation methods inadequately distinguish between real and…

The emergence of large-scale pre-trained vision foundation models has greatly advanced the medical imaging field through the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm. However, selecting appropriate medical data for downstream fine-tuning…

Addressing health disparities among different demographic groups is a key challenge in public health. Despite many efforts, there is still a gap in understanding how these disparities unfold over time. Our paper focuses on this overlooked…

Researchers require timely access to real-world longitudinal electronic health records (EHR) to develop, test, validate, and implement machine learning solutions that improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare. In contrast, health…

With the universal adoption of machine learning in healthcare, the potential for the automation of societal biases to further exacerbate health disparities poses a significant risk. We explore algorithmic fairness from the perspective of…

Disparities in access to healthcare have been well-documented in the United States, but their effects on electronic health record (EHR) data reliability and resulting clinical models are poorly understood. Using an All of Us dataset of…

There has been considerable interest in using decomposition methods in epidemiology (mediation analysis) and economics (Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition) to understand how health disparities arise and how they might change upon intervention. It…

Due to patient privacy protection concerns, machine learning research in healthcare has been undeniably slower and limited than in other application domains. High-quality, realistic, synthetic electronic health records (EHRs) can be…

Machine learning holds promise for advancing clinical decision support, yet it remains unclear when multimodal learning truly helps in practice, particularly under modality missingness and fairness constraints. In this work, we conduct a…

Medical events of interest, such as mortality, often happen at a low rate in electronic medical records, as most admitted patients survive. Training models with this imbalance rate (class density discrepancy) may lead to suboptimal…

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an essential component of precision medicine. Model and algorithm-based methods have been developed within the causal inference framework to achieve valid estimation and inference. Existing…

Over the years, there has been growing interest in using Machine Learning techniques for biomedical data processing. When tackling these tasks, one needs to bear in mind that biomedical data depends on a variety of characteristics, such as…

Disparities in health or well-being experienced by minority groups can be difficult to study using the traditional exposure-outcome paradigm in causal inference, since potential outcomes in variables such as race or sexual minority status…

Deep learning models for clinical event prediction on electronic health records (EHR) often suffer performance degradation when deployed under different data distributions. While domain adaptation (DA) methods can mitigate such shifts, its…

Increasing volume of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in recent years provides great opportunities for data scientists to collaborate on different aspects of healthcare research by applying advanced analytics to these EHR clinical data. A…

Recent years have seen much research on fairness in machine learning. Here, mean difference (MD) or demographic parity is one of the most popular measures of fairness. However, MD quantifies not only discrimination but also explanatory bias…

Developing AI tools that preserve fairness is of critical importance, specifically in high-stakes applications such as those in healthcare. However, health AI models' overall prediction performance is often prioritized over the possible…

Computational phenotyping allows for unsupervised discovery of subgroups of patients as well as corresponding co-occurring medical conditions from electronic health records (EHR). Typically, EHR data contains demographic information,…

Ensuring fairness in medical image segmentation is critical due to biases in imbalanced clinical data acquisition caused by demographic attributes (e.g., age, sex, race) and clinical factors (e.g., disease severity). To address these…

Causal inference in spatial domains faces two intertwined challenges: (1) unmeasured spatial factors, such as weather, air pollution, or mobility, that confound treatment and outcome, and (2) interference from nearby treatments that violate…