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Over the last twenty years, significant progress has been made in designing and implementing Question Answering (QA) systems. However, addressing complex questions, the answers to which are spread across multiple documents, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sourav Saha , Dwaipayan Roy , Mandar Mitra

Table Question Answering (TQA) aims at composing an answer to a question based on tabular data. While prior research has shown that TQA models lack robustness, understanding the underlying cause and nature of this issue remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wei Zhou , Mohsen Mesgar , Heike Adel , Annemarie Friedrich

Visual Question Answering (VQA) models should have both high robustness and accuracy. Unfortunately, most of the current VQA research only focuses on accuracy because there is a lack of proper methods to measure the robustness of VQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Jia-Hong Huang , Cuong Duc Dao , Modar Alfadly , C. Huck Yang , Bernard Ghanem

Recent approaches to multilingual open-domain question answering (MLODQA) have achieved promising results given abundant language-specific training data. However, the considerable annotation cost limits the application of these methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Fan Jiang , Tom Drummond , Trevor Cohn

Documents are fundamental to preserving and disseminating information, often incorporating complex layouts, tables, and charts that pose significant challenges for automatic document understanding (DU). While vision-language large models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Negar Foroutan , Angelika Romanou , Matin Ansaripour , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Karl Aberer , Rémi Lebret

We present MCQA, a learning-based algorithm for multimodal question answering. MCQA explicitly fuses and aligns the multimodal input (i.e. text, audio, and video), which forms the context for the query (question and answer). Our approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Abhishek Kumar , Trisha Mittal , Dinesh Manocha

Multi-modal open-domain question answering typically requires evidence retrieval from databases across diverse modalities, such as images, tables, passages, etc. Even Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 fall short in this task. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Le Zhang , Yihong Wu , Fengran Mo , Jian-Yun Nie , Aishwarya Agrawal

Can Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems perform just as well when deployed in the real world? Or are they susceptible to realistic corruption effects e.g. image blur, which can be detrimental in sensitive applications, such as medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Md Farhan Ishmam , Ishmam Tashdeed , Talukder Asir Saadat , Md Hamjajul Ashmafee , Abu Raihan Mostofa Kamal , Md. Azam Hossain

When answering complex questions, people can seamlessly combine information from visual, textual and tabular sources. While interest in models that reason over multiple pieces of evidence has surged in recent years, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Alon Talmor , Ori Yoran , Amnon Catav , Dan Lahav , Yizhong Wang , Akari Asai , Gabriel Ilharco , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Jonathan Berant

Question-answering (QA) on hybrid scientific tabular and textual data deals with scientific information, and relies on complex numerical reasoning. In recent years, while tabular QA has seen rapid progress, understanding their robustness on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Akash Ghosh , B Venkata Sahith , Niloy Ganguly , Pawan Goyal , Mayank Singh

Despite significant progress having been made in question answering on tabular data (Table QA), it's unclear whether, and to what extent existing Table QA models are robust to task-specific perturbations, e.g., replacing key question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yilun Zhao , Chen Zhao , Linyong Nan , Zhenting Qi , Wenlin Zhang , Xiangru Tang , Boyu Mi , Dragomir Radev

Despite significant progress in Visual Question Answering over the years, robustness of today's VQA models leave much to be desired. We introduce a new evaluation protocol and associated dataset (VQA-Rephrasings) and show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Meet Shah , Xinlei Chen , Marcus Rohrbach , Devi Parikh

Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open-domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Shayne Longpre , Yi Lu , Joachim Daiber

When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Pan Lu , Swaroop Mishra , Tony Xia , Liang Qiu , Kai-Wei Chang , Song-Chun Zhu , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Ashwin Kalyan

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

Multi-entity question answering (MEQA) represents significant challenges for large language models (LLM) and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, which frequently struggle to consolidate scattered information across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Teng Lin , Yuyu Luo , Honglin Zhang , Jicheng Zhang , Chunlin Liu , Kaishun Wu , Nan Tang

Scaling Visual Question Answering (VQA) to the open-domain and multi-hop nature of web searches, requires fundamental advances in visual representation learning, knowledge aggregation, and language generation. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yingshan Chang , Mridu Narang , Hisami Suzuki , Guihong Cao , Jianfeng Gao , Yonatan Bisk

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) is a critical yet challenging task due to the vast number of entities within knowledge bases and the diversity of natural language questions posed by users. Unfortunately, the performance of most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Zhenyu Li , Sunqi Fan , Yu Gu , Xiuxing Li , Zhichao Duan , Bowen Dong , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Multi-modal retrieval-augmented Question Answering (MRAQA), integrating text and images, has gained significant attention in information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP). Traditional ranking methods rely on small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yang Bai , Christan Earl Grant , Daisy Zhe Wang
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