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As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gaia A. Bertolino , Yuwei Zhang , Tong Xia , Domenico Talia , Cecilia Mascolo

Establishing a clear link between model predictions and the visual evidence that supports them is critical for transparency and reliability in multimodal reasoning, yet current multimodal large language model (MLLM) evaluations do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mozhgan Nasr Azadani , Yimu Wang , Yongpeng Zhu , Lihong Chen , Milan Ganai , Sean Sedwards , Marco Pavone , Krzysztof Czarnecki

We introduce KoLasSimpleQA, the first benchmark evaluating the multilingual factual ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by existing research, we created the question set with features such as single knowledge point coverage,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bowen Jiang , Runchuan Zhu , Jiang Wu , Zinco Jiang , Yifan He , Junyuan Gao , Jia Yu , Rui Min , Yinfan Wang , Haote Yang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Lijun Wu , Conghui He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a cornerstone of modern question answering (QA) systems, enabling grounded answers based on external knowledge. Although recent progress has been driven by open-domain datasets, enterprise QA systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Dvir Cohen , Lin Burg , Sviatoslav Pykhnivskyi , Hagit Gur , Stanislav Kovynov , Olga Atzmon , Gilad Barkan

Accurate and efficient question-answering systems are essential for delivering high-quality patient care in the medical field. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides across various domains, they continue to face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hang Yang , Hao Chen , Hui Guo , Yineng Chen , Ching-Sheng Lin , Shu Hu , Jinrong Hu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

While large language models now handle million-token contexts, their capacity for reasoning across entire document repositories remains largely untested. Existing benchmarks are inadequate, as they are mostly limited to single long texts or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiyuan Lu , Chenliang Li , Yingcheng Shi , Weizhou Shen , Ming Yan , Fei Huang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) have shown potential in various medical applications, such as Intelligent Medical Diagnosis. Although impressive results have been achieved, we find…

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has been primarily studied through the lens of the English language. Yet, tackling VQA in other languages in the same manner would require a considerable amount of resources. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soravit Changpinyo , Linting Xue , Michal Yarom , Ashish V. Thapliyal , Idan Szpektor , Julien Amelot , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Multimodal information extraction (MIE) aims to extract structured information from unstructured multimedia content. Due to the diversity of tasks and settings, most current MIE models are task-specific and data-intensive, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Yuxuan Sun , Kai Zhang , Yu Su

We propose a benchmark to assess the capability of large language models to reason with conventional metaphors. Our benchmark combines the previously isolated topics of metaphor detection and commonsense reasoning into a single task that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Iulia-Maria Comsa , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Srini Narayanan

Scientific documents contain complex multimodal structures, which makes evidence localization and scientific reasoning in Document Visual Question Answering particularly challenging. However, most existing benchmarks evaluate models only at…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenhan Yu , Zhaoxi Zhang , Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Recent advances in large audio language models (LALMs) have primarily been assessed using a multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) framework. However, subtle changes, such as shifting the order of choices, result in substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Fernando López , Santosh Kesiraju , Jordi Luque

Current textual question answering models achieve strong performance on in-domain test sets, but often do so by fitting surface-level patterns in the data, so they fail to generalize to out-of-distribution settings. To make a more robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jifan Chen , Greg Durrett

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has become a popular approach to help users extract information from knowledge bases. Although several systems exist, choosing one suitable for a particular application scenario is difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Khiem Vinh Tran , Hao Phu Phan , Khang Nguyen Duc Quach , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Jun Jo , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in Open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet most evaluations focus on English and assume locale-invariant answers across languages. This assumption neglects the cultural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Keon-Woo Roh , Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Models for conversational question answering (ConvQA) over knowledge graphs (KGs) are usually trained and tested on benchmarks of gold QA pairs. This implies that training is limited to surface forms seen in the respective datasets, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Magdalena Kaiser , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Gerhard Weikum

Existing benchmarks for visual question answering lack in visual grounding and complexity, particularly in evaluating spatial reasoning skills. We introduce FlowVQA, a novel benchmark aimed at assessing the capabilities of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shubhankar Singh , Purvi Chaurasia , Yerram Varun , Pranshu Pandya , Vatsal Gupta , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

We present SimpleQA, a benchmark that evaluates the ability of language models to answer short, fact-seeking questions. We prioritized two properties in designing this eval. First, SimpleQA is challenging, as it is adversarially collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jason Wei , Nguyen Karina , Hyung Won Chung , Yunxin Joy Jiao , Spencer Papay , Amelia Glaese , John Schulman , William Fedus

Deep neural networks have been playing an essential role in many computer vision tasks including Visual Question Answering (VQA). Until recently, the study of their accuracy was the main focus of research but now there is a trend toward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Jia-Hong Huang , Cuong Duc Dao , Modar Alfadly , Bernard Ghanem

One of the most widely used tasks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA). While open-ended question answering tasks are more challenging to evaluate, MCQA tasks are, in principle, easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Luca Gioffré , Alessandro Scirè , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli