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A new approach to adaptive design of clinical trials is proposed in a general multiparameter exponential family setting, based on generalized likelihood ratio statistics and optimal sequential testing theory. These designs are easy to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-25 Jay Bartroff , Tze Leung Lai

The principle of allocating an equal number of patients to each arm in a randomized controlled trial remains widely believed to be optimal for maximising statistical power. However, this long-held belief only holds true if the treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-15 Lukas Pin , Stef Baas , David S. Robertson , Sofía S. Villar

Widely used methods and software for group sequential tests of a null hypothesis of no treatment difference that allow for early stopping of a clinical trial depend primarily on the fact that sequentially-computed test statistics have the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Anastasios A. Tsiatis , Marie Davidian

Testing of various classes of life distributions has been addressed in the literature for more than 45 years. In this paper, we consider the problem of testing exponentiality (which essentially implies no ageing) against positive ageing…

Computation · Statistics 2012-08-01 M. Z. Anis , Kinjal Basu

Randomized trials are considered the gold standard for making informed decisions in medicine, yet they often lack generalizability to the patient populations in clinical practice. Observational studies, on the other hand, cover a broader…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Piersilvio De Bartolomeis , Javier Abad , Konstantin Donhauser , Fanny Yang

Testing to see whether a given data set comes from some specified distribution is among the oldest types of problems in Statistics. Many such tests have been developed and their performance studied. The general result has been that while a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-07 Wolfgang Rolke

Genetic data are frequently categorical and have complex dependence structures that are not always well understood. For this reason, clustering and classification based on genetic data, while highly relevant, are challenging statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-13 Gabriela Bettella Cybis , Marcio Valk , Silvia Regina Costa Lopes

In this paper, we propose several statistics for testing uniformity under progressive Type-I interval censoring. We obtain the critical points of these statistics and study the power of the proposed tests against a representative set of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-25 H. Nadeb , H. Torabi , G. G. Hamedani

We propose a restricted win probability estimand for comparing treatments in a randomized trial with a time-to-event outcome. We also propose Bayesian estimators for this summary measure as well as the unrestricted win probability. Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-06 Michelle Leeberg , Xianghua Luo , Thomas A. Murray

McGranaghan, Nielsen, O'Donoghue, Somerville, and Sprenger [2024] show that standard paired choice tests for the common ratio effect are structurally biased when choice is stochastic, proposing valuation tests as a robust alternative. Using…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-14 Federico Echenique , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

Randomly censored survival data are frequently encountered in applied sciences including biomedical or reliability applications and clinical trial analyses. Testing the significance of statistical hypotheses is crucial in such analyses to…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-08 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu , Leandro Pardo

Experiments often yield non-identically distributed data for statistical analysis. Tests of hypothesis under such set-ups are generally performed using the likelihood ratio test, which is non-robust with respect to outliers and model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu

We derive a new class of statistical tests for generalized linear models based on thresholding point estimators. These tests can be employed whether the model includes more parameters than observations or not. For linear models, our tests…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-14 Sylvain Sardy , Caroline Giacobino , Jairo Diaz-Rodriguez

This paper deals with testing the equality of $k$ ($k\ge 2$) distribution functions against possible stochastic ordering among them. Two classes of rank tests are proposed for this testing problem. The statistics of the tests under study…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Nikolay I. Nikolov , Eugenia Stoimenova

We consider one of the most basic multiple testing problems that compares expectations of multivariate data among several groups. As a test statistic, a conventional (approximate) $t$-statistic is considered, and we determine its rejection…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-20 Yoshiyuki Ninomiya , Satoshi Kuriki , Toshihiko Shiroishi , Toyoyuki Takada

In oncology clinical trials, characterizing the long-term overall survival (OS) benefit for an experimental drug or treatment regimen (experimental group) is often unobservable if some patients in the control group switch to drugs in the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-05 Yuqing Xu , Meijing Wu , Weili He , Qiming Liao , Yabing Mai

Survival models are a popular tool for the analysis of time to event data with applications in medicine, engineering, economics, and many more. Advances like the Cox proportional hazard model have enabled researchers to better describe…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-16 Stefan Groha , Sebastian M Schmon , Alexander Gusev

In the era of fast-paced precision medicine, observational studies play a major role in properly evaluating new treatments in clinical practice. Yet, unobserved confounding can significantly compromise causal conclusions drawn from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-20 Piersilvio De Bartolomeis , Javier Abad , Konstantin Donhauser , Fanny Yang

We consider the problem of testing the equality of conditional distributions of a response variable given a vector of covariates between two populations. Such a hypothesis testing problem can be motivated from various machine learning and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Xiaoyu Hu , Jing Lei

Assessing whether two patient populations exhibit comparable event dynamics is essential for evaluating treatment equivalence, pooling data across cohorts, or comparing clinical pathways across hospitals or strategies. We introduce a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Zoe Kristin Lange , Maryam Farhadizadeh , Holger Dette , Nadine Binder