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We introduce the anytime-valid (AV) logrank test, a version of the logrank test that provides type-I error guarantees under optional stopping and optional continuation. The test is sequential without the need to specify a maximum sample…
Nonparametric covariate adjustment is considered for log-rank type tests of treatment effect with right-censored time-to-event data from clinical trials applying covariate-adaptive randomization. Our proposed covariate-adjusted log-rank…
In this paper, we not only propose an new optimal sequential test of sum of logarithmic likelihood ratio (SLR) but also present the CUSUM sequential test (control chart, stopping time) with the observation-adjusted control limits…
How can we monitor, in real time, whether one uncertain prospect has any upside over another? To answer this question, we develop a novel family of sequential, anytime-valid tests for stochastic dominance (SD; also known as stochastic…
Non-proportional hazards (NPH) have been observed recently in many immuno-oncology clinical trials. Weighted log-rank tests (WLRT) with suitably chosen weights can be used to improve the power of detecting the difference of the two survival…
In this paper, we consider testing the homogeneity of risk differences in independent binomial distributions especially when data are sparse. We point out some drawback of existing tests in either controlling a nominal size or obtaining…
Comparing survival experiences of different groups of data is an important issue in several applied problems. A typical example is where one wishes to investigate treatment effects. Here we propose a new Bayesian approach based on…
Survival analysis deals with modeling the time until an event occurs, and accurate probability estimates are crucial for decision-making, particularly in the competing-risks setting where multiple events are possible. While recent work has…
Testing the equivalence of multiple quantiles between two populations is important in many scientific applications, such as clinical trials, where conventional mean-based methods may be inadequate. This is particularly relevant in bridging…
The inverse probability weighting approach is popular for evaluating treatment effects in observational studies, but extreme propensity scores could bias the estimator and induce excessive variance. Recently, the overlap weighting approach…
IMPORTANCE: Feature selection with respect to time-to-event outcomes is one of the fundamental problems in clinical trials and biomarker discovery studies. But it's unclear which statistical methods should be used when sample size is small…
Competing risks data are common in medical studies, and the sub-distribution hazard (SDH) ratio is considered an appropriate measure. However, because the limitations of hazard itself are not easy to interpret clinically and because the SDH…
In observational studies of discrimination, the most common statistical approaches consider either the rate at which decisions are made (benchmark tests) or the success rate of those decisions (outcome tests). Both tests, however, have…
In clinical and epidemiological studies, hazard ratios are often applied to compare treatment effects between two groups for survival data. For competing risks data, the corresponding quantities of interest are cause-specific hazard ratios…
Non-proportional hazards data are routinely encountered in randomized clinical trials. In such cases, classic Cox proportional hazards model can suffer from severe power loss, with difficulty in interpretation of the estimated hazard ratio…
In this paper, we consider testing the homogeneity for proportions in independent binomial distributions especially when data are sparse for large number of groups. We provide broad aspects of our proposed tests such as theoretical studies,…
The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of effect size commonly used in observational research. OR reflects statistical association between a binary outcome, such as the presence of a health condition, and a binary predictor, such as an exposure…
Comparing two groups under different conditions is ubiquitous in the biomedical sciences. In many cases, samples from the two groups can be naturally paired; for example a pair of samples may come from the same individual under the two…
Accelerated life tests (ALTs) play a crucial role in reliability analyses, providing lifetime estimates of highly reliable products. Among ALTs, step-stress design increases the stress level at predefined times, while maintaining a constant…
We propose a novel approach for estimating mean survival time in the presence of censored data, in which we divide the population under study into survival-ordered fractions defined by a set of proportions, and compute the mean survival…