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To use neural networks in safety-critical settings it is paramount to provide assurances on their runtime operation. Recent work on ReLU networks has sought to verify whether inputs belonging to a bounded box can ever yield some undesirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Vicenc Rubies-Royo , Roberto Calandra , Dusan M. Stipanovic , Claire Tomlin

These lecture notes provide an introduction to the verification of neural networks from a theoretical perspective. We discuss feed-forward neural networks, recurrent neural networks, attention mechanisms, and transformers, together with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Benedikt Bollig

The growing reliance on artificial intelligence in safety- and security-critical applications is raising concerns about the robustness of neural networks to erroneous or adversarial input. Certification is a methodology for ensuring model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Anton Björklund , Mykola Zaitsev , Paolo Morettin , Marta Kwiatkowska

We improve the effectiveness of propagation- and linear-optimization-based neural network verification algorithms with a new tightened convex relaxation for ReLU neurons. Unlike previous single-neuron relaxations which focus only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Christian Tjandraatmadja , Ross Anderson , Joey Huchette , Will Ma , Krunal Patel , Juan Pablo Vielma

Deductive verification of concurrent programs under weak memory has thus far been limited to simple programs over a monolithic state space. For scalabiility, we also require modular techniques with verifiable library abstractions. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sadegh Dalvandi , Brijesh Dongol

Learning-based methods could provide solutions to many of the long-standing challenges in control. However, the neural networks (NNs) commonly used in modern learning approaches present substantial challenges for analyzing the resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Michael Everett

Quantifying the robustness of neural networks or verifying their safety properties against input uncertainties or adversarial attacks have become an important research area in learning-enabled systems. Most results concentrate around the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-11 Mahyar Fazlyab , Manfred Morari , George J. Pappas

Deep neural networks (NNs) for computer vision are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., miniscule malicious changes to inputs may induce unintuitive outputs. One key approach to verify and mitigate such robustness issues is to falsify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raik Dankworth , Gesina Schwalbe

Deploying Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained embedded systems requires aggressive model compression techniques like quantization and pruning. However, ensuring that the compressed model preserves the behavioral fidelity of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingyang Li , Fu Song , Guoqiang Li

In some face recognition applications, we are interested to verify whether an individual is a member of a group, without revealing their identity. Some existing methods, propose a mechanism for quantizing precomputed face descriptors into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Marzieh Gheisari , Javad Amirian , Teddy Furon , Laurent Amsaleg

Neural networks hold great potential to act as approximate models of nonlinear dynamical systems, with the resulting neural approximations enabling verification and control of such systems. However, in safety-critical contexts, the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Nikolaus Vertovec , Francesco Fabiano , Luca Laurenti , Alessandro Abate

The increasing integration of deep neural networks in critical systems has spawned a theoretical and practical interest in formally guaranteeing safety properties about their behavior. To achieve this, contemporary verification algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ido Shmuel , Guy Katz

Quantization neural networks (QNNs) are very attractive to the industry because their extremely cheap calculation and storage overhead, but their performance is still worse than that of networks with full-precision parameters. Most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Qi Tian , Chunjing Xu

In this paper, we consider the problem of formally verifying the safety of an autonomous robot equipped with a Neural Network (NN) controller that processes LiDAR images to produce control actions. Given a workspace that is characterized by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Xiaowu Sun , Haitham Khedr , Yasser Shoukry

We present a novel framework for specifying and verifying correctness globally for neural networks on perception tasks. Most previous works on neural network verification for perception tasks focus on robustness verification. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Yichen Yang , Martin Rinard

Formal verification of transformers has become increasingly important due to their widespread deployment in safety-critical applications. Compared to classic neural networks, the inferences of transformers involve highly complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hengjie Liu , Zhenya Zhang , Jianjun Zhao

Complete verification of deep neural networks (DNNs) can exactly determine whether the DNN satisfies a desired trustworthy property (e.g., robustness, fairness) on an infinite set of inputs or not. Despite the tremendous progress to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Shubham Ugare , Debangshu Banerjee , Sasa Misailovic , Gagandeep Singh

Deep neural networks have become an important tool for use in actuarial tasks, due to the significant gains in accuracy provided by these techniques compared to traditional methods, but also due to the close connection of these models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ronald Richman , Mario Wüthrich

Formal verification is a rigorous approach that can provably ensure the quality of neural networks, and to date, Branch and Bound (BaB) is the state-of-the-art that performs verification by splitting the problem as needed and applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kota Fukuda , Guanqin Zhang , Zhenya Zhang , Yulei Sui , Jianjun Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) enable high performance across domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting their use in safety-critical settings. Here, we introduce two quantum-optimization-based models for robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenxin Li , Wenchao Liu , Chuan Wang , Qi Gao , Yin Ma , Hai Wei , Kai Wen