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In security games, the solution concept commonly used is that of a Stackelberg equilibrium where the defender gets to commit to a mixed strategy. The motivation for this is that the attacker can repeatedly observe the defender's actions and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-17 Vincent Conitzer

Deep Reinforcement Learning has made significant progress in multi-agent systems in recent years. In this review article, we have focused on presenting recent approaches on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Afshin OroojlooyJadid , Davood Hajinezhad

Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique for learning from trial and error, but it often requires a large number of interactions to achieve good performance. In some domains, such as sparse-reward tasks, an oracle that can provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Zhourui Guo , Meng Yao , Yang Yu , Qiyue Yin

Federated learning (FL) is susceptible to a range of security threats. Although various defense mechanisms have been proposed, they are typically non-adaptive and tailored to specific types of attacks, leaving them insufficient in the face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Tao Li , Henger Li , Yunian Pan , Tianyi Xu , Zizhan Zheng , Quanyan Zhu

In this work, a novel Stackelberg game theoretic framework is proposed for trading energy bidirectionally between the demand-response (DR) aggregator and the prosumers. This formulation allows for flexible energy arbitrage and additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Styliani I. Kampezidou , Justin Romberg , Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis , Dimitri N. Mavris

Stackelberg Security Games are often used to model strategic interactions in high-stakes security settings. The majority of existing models focus on single-defender settings where a single entity assumes command of all security assets.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zimeng Song , Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang

Many real-world applications can be formulated as multi-agent cooperation problems, such as network packet routing and coordination of autonomous vehicles. The emergence of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising approach for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zhixuan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Huafeng Xu

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) enable researchers to solve challenging control problems, from simulated environments to real-world robotic tasks. However, deep RL algorithms are known to be sensitive to the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Joanne Taery Kim , Sehoon Ha

In this paper, we explore using deep reinforcement learning for problems with multiple agents. Most existing methods for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning consider only a small number of agents. When the number of agents increases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Arbaaz Khan , Clark Zhang , Daniel D. Lee , Vijay Kumar , Alejandro Ribeiro

We address two major challenges of implicit coordination in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning: non-stationarity and exponential growth of state-action space, by combining Deep-Q Networks for policy learning with Nash equilibrium for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Griffin Adams , Sarguna Janani Padmanabhan , Shivang Shekhar

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla

Strategic interaction in congested systems is commonly modelled using Stackelberg games, where competing leaders anticipate the behaviour of self-interested followers. A key limitation of existing models is that they typically ignore agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Niloofar Aminikalibar , Farzaneh Farhadi , Maria Chli

We propose a two-layer, semi-decentralized algorithm to compute a local solution to the Stackelberg equilibrium problem in aggregative games with coupling constraints. Specifically, we focus on a single-leader, multiple-follower problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Filippo Fabiani , Mohammad Amin Tajeddini , Hamed Kebriaei , Sergio Grammatico

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful framework for enabling agents to learn complex, coordinated behaviors but faces persistent challenges regarding its generalization, scalability and sample efficiency. Recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Nikolaos Bousias , Stefanos Pertigkiozoglou , Kostas Daniilidis , George Pappas

This paper surveys the field of deep multiagent reinforcement learning. The combination of deep neural networks with reinforcement learning has gained increased traction in recent years and is slowly shifting the focus from single-agent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova , Aske Plaat

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks are increasingly used to solve high-dimensional continuous control tasks in robotics. However, due to the lack of sample efficiency, applying DRL for online learning is still practically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yu Tang Liu , Aamir Ahmad

Previous research has shown that federated learning (FL) systems are exposed to an array of security risks. Despite the proposal of several defensive strategies, they tend to be non-adaptive and specific to certain types of attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yunian Pan , Tao Li , Henger Li , Tianyi Xu , Zizhan Zheng , Quanyan Zhu

Stackelberg games originate where there are market leaders and followers, and the actions of leaders influence the behavior of the followers. Mathematical modelling of such games results in what's called a Bilevel Optimization problem.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Pravesh Koirala , Forrest Laine

We study multi-player general-sum Markov games with one of the players designated as the leader and the other players regarded as followers. In particular, we focus on the class of games where the followers are myopic, i.e., they aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan

Recent years have witnessed significant progresses in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). Empowered with large scale neural networks, carefully designed architectures, novel training algorithms and massively parallel computing devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Chiyuan Zhang , Oriol Vinyals , Remi Munos , Samy Bengio