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There is an abundance of digitised texts available in Sanskrit. However, the word segmentation task in such texts are challenging due to the issue of 'Sandhi'. In Sandhi, words in a sentence often fuse together to form a single chunk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Vikas Reddy , Amrith Krishna , Vishnu Dutt Sharma , Prateek Gupta , Vineeth M R , Pawan Goyal

Sindhi word segmentation is a challenging task due to space omission and insertion issues. The Sindhi language itself adds to this complexity. It's cursive and consists of characters with inherent joining and non-joining properties,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Wazir Ali , Jay Kumar , Saifullah Tumrani , Redhwan Nour , Adeeb Noor , Zenglin Xu

The primary focus of this thesis is to make Sanskrit manuscripts more accessible to the end-users through natural language technologies. The morphological richness, compounding, free word orderliness, and low-resource nature of Sanskrit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Jivnesh Sandhan

Translating technical terms into lexically similar, low-resource Indian languages remains a challenge due to limited parallel data and the complexity of linguistic structures. We propose a novel use-case of Sanskrit-based segments for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Karthika N J , Krishnakant Bhatt , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Preethi Jyothi

Sanskrit, one of humanity's most ancient languages, has a vast collection of books and manuscripts on diverse topics that have been accumulated over millennia. However, its digital content (audio and text), which is vital for the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Bidit Sadhukhan , Swami Punyeshwarananda

Machine Transliteration provides the ability to transliterate a basic language into different languages in a computational way. Transliteration is an important technical process that has caught the attention most recently. The Sinhala…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Maneesha U. Athukorala , Deshan K. Sumanathilaka

While model architecture and training objectives are well-studied, tokenization, particularly in multilingual contexts, remains a relatively neglected aspect of Large Language Model (LLM) development. Existing tokenizers often exhibit high…

The phenomenon of compounding is ubiquitous in Sanskrit. It serves for achieving brevity in expressing thoughts, while simultaneously enriching the lexical and structural formation of the language. In this work, we focus on the Sanskrit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jivnesh Sandhan , Ashish Gupta , Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Tushar Sandhan , Suvendu Samanta , Laxmidhar Behera , Pawan Goyal

Computationally analyzing Sanskrit texts requires proper segmentation in the initial stages. There have been various tools developed for Sanskrit text segmentation. Of these, G\'erard Huet's Reader in the Sanskrit Heritage Engine analyzes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Sriram Krishnan , Amba Kulkarni

This paper describes neural network based approaches to the process of the formation and splitting of word-compounding, respectively known as the Sandhi and Vichchhed, in Sanskrit language. Sandhi is an important idea essential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Sushant Dave , Arun Kumar Singh , Prathosh A. P. , Brejesh Lall

In Sanskrit, small words (morphemes) are combined to form compound words through a process known as Sandhi. Sandhi splitting is the process of splitting a given compound word into its constituent morphemes. Although rules governing word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Rahul Aralikatte , Neelamadhav Gantayat , Naveen Panwar , Anush Sankaran , Senthil Mani

Comprehensively searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a non-trivial problem because words could change their forms in different contexts. One such context is sandhi or euphonic conjunctions, which cause a word to change owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-17 S. V. Kasmir Raja , V. Rajitha , Meenakshi Lakshmanan

Traditional linguists have proposed the use of a General Service List (GSL) to assist new language learners in identifying the most important words in English. This process requires linguistic expertise, subjective input, and a considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Dakota Ellis , Samy Bakikerali , Wanshan Chen , Bao Dinh , Uyen Le

Tokens are the basic units of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs rely on tokenizers to segment text into these tokens, and tokenization is the primary determinant of computational and inference cost. Sanskrit, one of the oldest languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Anshul Kumar

Intent Recognition and Slot Identification are crucial components in spoken language understanding (SLU) systems. In this paper, we present a novel approach towards both these tasks in the context of low resourced and unwritten languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Akshat Gupta , Olivia Deng , Akruti Kushwaha , Saloni Mittal , William Zeng , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black

Automated language processing is central to the drive to enable facilitated referencing of increasingly available Sanskrit E texts. The first step towards processing Sanskrit text involves the handling of Sanskrit compound words that are an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-11-05 N. Rama , Meenakshi Lakshmanan

Weakly-supervised instance segmentation (WSIS) has been considered as a more challenging task than weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). Compared to WSSS, WSIS requires instance-wise localization, which is difficult to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Beomyoung Kim , Youngjoon Yoo , Chaeeun Rhee , Junmo Kim

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a promising technology to bridge the communication gap between the deaf and the hearing people. Recently, researchers have adopted Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods, which usually require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Biao Fu , Peigen Ye , Liang Zhang , Pei Yu , Cong Hu , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

Due to reasons of convenience and lack of tech literacy, transliteration (i.e., Romanizing native scripts instead of using localization tools) is eminently prevalent in the context of low-resource languages such as Sinhala, which have their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yomal De Mel , Kasun Wickramasinghe , Nisansa de Silva , Surangika Ranathunga

Searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a problem that is accompanied by complexities introduced by features of Sanskrit such as euphonic conjunctions or sandhis. A word could occur in an E-text in a transformed form owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-09-16 S. V. Kasmir Raja , V. Rajitha , Meenakshi Lakshmanan
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