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Code understanding is a foundational capability in software engineering tools and developer workflows. However, most existing systems are designed for English-speaking users interacting via keyboards, which limits accessibility in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jayant Havare , Ashish Mittal , Srikanth Tamilselvam , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) has advanced rapidly, achieving strong performances without relying on gloss annotations. However, these gains have often come with increased model complexity and high computational demands,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 JianHe Low , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Pretrained language models (LLMs) are often constrained by their fixed tokenization schemes, leading to inefficiencies and performance limitations, particularly for multilingual or specialized applications. This tokenizer lock-in presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Shaurya Sharthak , Vinayak Pahalwan , Adithya Kamath , Adarsh Shirawalmath

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on transformer architectures have revolutionized a variety of domains, with tokenization playing a pivotal role in their pre-processing and fine-tuning stages. In multilingual models, particularly those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 S. Tamang , D. J. Bora

Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficient alternatives to LLMs for specific domains. The 2023 TinyStories study developed an English dataset that allows SLMs with 1 to 10 million parameters to produce coherent outputs. Our research…

Sign language is the primary communication language for people with disabling hearing loss. Sign language recognition (SLR) systems aim to recognize sign gestures and translate them into spoken language. One of the main challenges in SLR is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hasan Algafri , Hamzah Luqman , Sarah Alyami , Issam Laradji

Transliterating related languages that use different scripts into a common script is effective for improving crosslingual transfer in downstream tasks. However, this methodology often makes pretraining a model from scratch unavoidable, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yihong Liu , Chunlan Ma , Haotian Ye , Hinrich Schütze

Indoor localization in challenging non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments often leads to poor accuracy with traditional approaches. Deep learning (DL) has been applied to tackle these challenges; however, many DL approaches overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Saad Masrur , Jung-Fu , Cheng , Atieh R. Khamesi , Ismail Guvenc

The SignWriting improved fast transcriber (SWift), presented in this paper, is an advanced editor for computer-aided writing and transcribing of any Sign Language (SL) using SignWriting (SW). The application is an editor which allows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Fabrizio Borgia , Claudia S. Bianchini , Patrice Dalle , Maria de Marsico

The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit records around 650,000 sentences along with their morphological and lexical tagging. But inconsistencies in morphological analysis, and in providing crucial information like the segmented word, urges the need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Sriram Krishnan , Amba Kulkarni , Gérard Huet

In this paper, we present specially designed automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for the highly agglutinative and inflective languages of Tamil and Kannada that can recognize unlimited vocabulary of words. We use subwords as the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-28 Madhavaraj A , Bharathi Pilar , Ramakrishnan A G

Many attempts have been made in multilingual NLP to ensure that pre-trained language models, such as mBERT or GPT2 get better and become applicable to low-resource languages. To achieve multilingualism for pre-trained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jesse Atuhurra , Hiroyuki Shindo , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Incremental semantic segmentation(ISS) is an emerging task where old model is updated by incrementally adding new classes. At present, methods based on convolutional neural networks are dominant in ISS. However, studies have shown that such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zekai Xu , Mingyi Zhang , Jiayue Hou , Xing Gong , Chuan Wen , Chengjie Wang , Junge Zhang

Recently, the supervised learning paradigm's surprisingly remarkable performance has garnered considerable attention from Sanskrit Computational Linguists. As a result, the Sanskrit community has put laudable efforts to build task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Jivnesh Sandhan , Om Adideva , Digumarthi Komal , Laxmidhar Behera , Pawan Goyal

Sequence to Sequence models, in particular the Transformer, achieve state of the art results in Automatic Speech Recognition. Practical usage is however limited to cases where full utterance latency is acceptable. In this work we introduce…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-25 George Sterpu , Christian Saam , Naomi Harte

Scene text recognition in low-resource Indian languages is challenging because of complexities like multiple scripts, fonts, text size, and orientations. In this work, we investigate the power of transfer learning for all the layers of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Sanjana Gunna , Rohit Saluja , C. V. Jawahar

Tone is a crucial component of the prosody of Shanghainese, a Wu Chinese variety spoken primarily in urban Shanghai. Tone sandhi, which applies to all multi-syllabic words in Shanghainese, then, is key to natural-sounding speech.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yuanhao Chen

Tokenization is the act of breaking down text into smaller parts, or tokens, that are easier for machines to process. This is a key phase in machine translation (MT) models. Subword tokenization enhances this process by breaking down words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sudhansu Bala Das , Samujjal Choudhury , Tapas Kumar Mishra , Bidyut Kr. Patra

Automating string transformations has been one of the killer applications of program synthesis. Existing synthesizers that solve this problem produce programs in domain-specific languages (DSL) that are engineered to help the synthesizer,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Anvay Grover , Ruediger Ehlers , Loris D'Antoni

We introduce BdSL-SPOTER, a pose-based transformer framework for accurate and efficient recognition of Bengali Sign Language (BdSL). BdSL-SPOTER extends the SPOTER paradigm with cultural specific preprocessing and a compact four-layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sayad Ibna Azad , Md. Atiqur Rahman