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Current population models of binary black hole distributions are difficult to interpret because standard population inferences hinge on modeling choices, which can mask or mimic real structure. The maximum population likelihood…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-15 Nir Guttman , Ethan Payne , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

We present a full sampling of the hierarchical population posterior distribution of merging black holes using current gravitational-wave data. We directly tackle the most relevant intrinsic parameter space made of the binary parameters…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-05 Michele Mancarella , Davide Gerosa

The coalescence of compact binaries containing neutron stars or black holes is one of the most promising signals for advanced ground-based laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors, with the first direct detections expected over the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-02 Simon Stevenson , Frank Ohme , Stephen Fairhurst

The catalog of gravitational-wave events is growing, and so are our hopes of constraining the underlying astrophysics of stellar-mass black-hole mergers by inferring the distributions of, e.g., masses and spins. While conventional analyses…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-15 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa , Stephen R. Taylor

The observation of gravitational waves from multiple compact binary coalescences by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector networks has enabled us to infer the underlying distribution of compact binaries across a wide range of masses, spins, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Siddharth Mohite , Jolien Creighton , Shasvath Kapadia

The population of the observed gravitational wave events encodes unique information on the formation and evolution of stellar-mass black holes, from the underlying astrophysical processes to the large-scale dynamics of the Universe. We use…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-03 Vasco Gennari , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Nicola Tamanini , Sylvain Marsat , Grégoire Pierra

With several dozen binary black hole events detected by LIGO/Virgo to date and many more expected in the next few years, gravitational-wave astronomy is shifting from individual-event analyses to population studies. Using the GWTC-2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-11 Gabriele Franciolini , Vishal Baibhav , Valerio De Luca , Ken K. Y. Ng , Kaze W. K. Wong , Emanuele Berti , Paolo Pani , Antonio Riotto , Salvatore Vitale

Gravitational-wave observations are playing an instrumental role in understanding the population of binary compact objects in the Universe. These observations have begun to hint at the mass distribution of binary black holes (BBHs), with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Upasana Das , Suvodip Mukherjee

In dense stellar environments, the merger products of binary black hole mergers may undergo additional mergers. These hierarchical mergers are predicted to have higher masses than the first generation of black holes made from stars. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-16 Chase Kimball , Colm Talbot , Christopher P. L. Berry , Matthew Carney , Michael Zevin , Eric Thrane , Vicky Kalogera

Gravitational waves from extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) will enable sub-percent measurements of massive black hole parameters and provide access to the demographics of compact objects in galactic nuclei. During the LISA mission,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-22 Shashwat Singh , Christian E. A. Chapman-Bird , Christopher P. L. Berry , John Veitch

We study the population properties of merging binary black holes in the second LIGO--Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog assuming they were all formed dynamically in gravitationally bound clusters. Using a phenomenological population…

We quantify the impact of finite catalog size, or "catalog variance," on current gravitational-wave population analyses. The distribution of merging binary black holes is commonly reconstructed via hierarchical Bayesian inference, with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Alessia Corelli , Davide Gerosa , Matthew Mould , Cecilia Maria Fabbri

Population studies of stellar-mass black-hole binaries have become major players in gravitational-wave astronomy. The underlying assumptions are that the targeted source parameters refer to the same quantities for all events in the catalog…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-03 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa

The continued operation of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors is enabling the first detailed measurements of the mass, spin, and redshift distributions of the merging binary black hole population. Our present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-24 Thomas A. Callister , Will M. Farr

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Katelyn Breivik , Jolien Creighton

Theoretical studies in gravitational wave astronomy have mostly focused on the information that can be extracted from individual detections, such as the mass of a binary system and its location in space. Here we consider how the information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Matthew Adams , Neil Cornish , Tyson Littenberg

We introduce the first complete non-parametric model for the astrophysical distribution of the binary black hole (BBH) population. Constructed from basis splines, we use these models to conduct the most comprehensive data-driven…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Bruce Edelman , Ben Farr , Zoheyr Doctor

We characterize the expected statistical errors with which the parameters of black-hole binaries can be measured from gravitational-wave (GW) observations of their inspiral, merger and ringdown by a network of second-generation ground-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-07 Archisman Ghosh , Walter Del Pozzo , Parameswaran Ajith

We propose a hierarchical approach to testing general relativity with multiple gravitational wave detections. Unlike existing strategies, our method does not assume that parameters quantifying deviations from general relativity are either…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-25 Maximiliano Isi , Katerina Chatziioannou , Will M. Farr

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has announced the detection of almost 100 binary black holes so far, which have been used in several studies to infer the features of the underlying binary black hole population. From these, it is possible…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Arianna I. Renzini , Jacob Golomb
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