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The growing number of gravitational-wave (GW) observations allows for constraints to be placed on the underlying population of black holes; current estimates show that black hole spins are small, with binaries more likely to have comparable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-28 Charlie Hoy

We use the gravitational wave signals from binary black hole merger events observed by LIGO and Virgo to reconstruct the underlying mass and spin distributions of the population of merging black holes. We reconstruct the population using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-27 Vaibhav Tiwari , Stephen Fairhurst

We present the population properties of binary black hole mergers identified by the $\tt{IAS\text{-}HM}$ pipeline (which incorporates higher-order modes in the search templates) during the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO, Virgo, and…

Repeated black-hole mergers in dense stellar clusters are a plausible mechanism to populate the predicted gap in black hole masses due to the pair-instability supernova process. These hierarchical mergers carry distinct spin characteristics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Cailin Plunkett , Thomas Callister , Michael Zevin , Salvatore Vitale

Shortly after a new class of objects is discovered, the attention shifts from the properties of the individual sources to the question of their origin: do all sources come from the same underlying population, or several populations are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-07 Salvatore Vitale , Davide Gerosa , Will M. Farr , Stephen R. Taylor

The complex astrophysical processes leading to the formation of binary black holes and their eventual merger are imprinted on the spins of the individual black holes. We revisit the astrophysical distribution of those spins based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-05 Asad Hussain , Maximiliano Isi , Aaron Zimmerman

Since the first direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO--Virgo collaboration in 2015, the size of the gravitational-wave transient catalog has grown to nearly 100 events, with more than as many observed during the ongoing fourth…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-24 Colm Talbot , Amanda Farah , Shanika Galaudage , Jacob Golomb , Hui Tong

The properties of the population of merging binary black holes encode some of the uncertain physics of the evolution of massive stars in binaries. The binary black hole merger rate and chirp mass distribution are being measured by…

The spins of black holes in merging binaries can reveal information related to the formation and evolution of these systems through their gravitational wave emission. Combining events to infer the astrophysical distribution of black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 Jacob Golomb , Colm Talbot

From catalogs of gravitational-wave transients, the population-level properties of their sources and the formation channels of merging compact binaries can be constrained. However, astrophysical conclusions can be biased by misspecification…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-08 Noah E. Wolfe , Matthew Mould , Jack Heinzel , Salvatore Vitale

Coalescing compact binaries emitting gravitational wave (GW) signals, as recently detected by the Advanced LIGO-Virgo network, constitute a population over the multi-dimensional space of component masses and spins, redshift, and other…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-30 Sebastian M. Gaebel , John Veitch , Thomas Dent , Will M. Farr

The observation of gravitational-wave signals from merging black-hole binaries enables direct measurement of the properties of the black holes. An individual observation allows measurement of the black-hole masses, but only limited…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-12 Vaibhav Tiwari , Stephen Fairhurst , Mark Hannam

The first direct detections of gravitational waves from merging binary black holes open a unique window into the binary black hole formation environment. One promising environmental signature is the angular distribution of the black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-06 Will M. Farr , Simon Stevenson , M. Coleman Miller , Ilya Mandel , Ben Farr , Alberto Vecchio

The gravitational wave event GW231123, with component black hole masses lying within or above the pair-instability mass gap, poses a significant challenge to current stellar evolution models. In this work, we describe how we investigated…

We are living through the dawn of the era of gravitational wave astronomy. Our first glances through this new window upon the sky has revealed a new population of objects. Since it first began observing in late 2015, the advanced Laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-08 Daniel Wysocki

The detection of gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes raises questions regarding the origin of binaries. There are several models in the literature involving binary evolution in both the field and clusters. We compare the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-25 Maciej Ossowski

We derive an analytical form of the joint prior of effective spin parameters, $\chi_\mathrm{eff}$ and $\chi_\mathrm{p}$, assuming an isotropic and uniform-in-magnitude spin distribution. This is a vital factor in performing hierarchical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-19 Masaki Iwaya , Kazuya Kobayashi , Soichiro Morisaki , Kenta Hotokezaka , Tomoya Kinugawa

Third generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors are expected to detect a large number of binary black holes (BBHs) to large redshifts, opening up an independent probe of the large scale structure using their clustering. This probe will…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Aditya Vijaykumar , M. V. S. Saketh , Sumit Kumar , Parameswaran Ajith , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury

The recent advanced LIGO detections of gravitational waves from merging binary black holes enhance the prospect of exploring binary evolution via gravitational-wave observations of a population of compact-object binaries. In the face of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-25 Ilya Mandel , Will M. Farr , Andrea Colonna , Simon Stevenson , Peter Tiňo , John Veitch

When modeling the population of merging binary black holes, analyses have generally focused on characterizing the distribution of primary (i.e. more massive) black holes in the binary, while simplistic prescriptions are used for the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-02 Amanda M. Farah , Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz