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Some gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra exhibit high energy tails with the highest photon energy detected at 18 GeV. The spectral slope of the high-energy tails is sufficiently flat in nu F_nu to consider the possibility of their detection at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Karl Mannheim , Dieter Hartmann , Burkhardt Funk

Due to their cosmological distances high-energy astrophysical sources allow for unprecedented tests of fundamental physics. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprise among the most sensitive laboratories for exploring the violation of the central…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-19 Valeri Vardanyan , Volodymyr Takhistov , Metin Ata , Kohta Murase

Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) can be tested by the time delay between photons with different energies passing through a gravitational field. As one of the most energetic explosions in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-11 Yu Sang , Hai-Nan Lin , Zhe Chang

We investigate the constraints imposed on the luminosity function (LF) of long duration Gamma Ray Bursts (LGRBs) by the flux distribution of bursts detected by the GBM at ~1 MeV, and the implications of the non detection of the vast…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Dafne Guetta , Elena Pian , Eli Waxman

Low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with luminosity . 10^49erg/s probably consititute a distinct population from the classic high-luminosity GRBs. They are the most luminous objects detected so far within ~ 100 Mpc, the horizon distance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang , Zi-Gao Dai

In the gravity quantum theory, the quantization of spacetime may lead to the modification of the dispersion relation between the energy and the momentum and the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). High energy and long-distance gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-25 Mingyue Chen , Jun Tian , Yu Pan , Tonghua Liu , Shuo Cao

Gamma-ray bursts have the potential to produce the particle energies (up to $10^{21}$\,eV) and the energy budget ($10^{44}\, \rm{erg\, yr^{-1}\, Mpc^{-3}}$) to accommodate the spectrum of the highest energy cosmic rays; on the other hand,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-25 Julia K. Becker , Francis Halzen , Aongus O'Murchadha , Martino Olivo

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory~(LHAASO) reported observation of photons with energies above 10~TeV from gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A. A suggestion was proposed that this result may contradict our knowledge of special…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-23 Hao Li , Bo-Qiang Ma

One of the cornerstones of modern physics is Einstein's special relativity, with its constant speed of light and zero photon mass assumptions. Constraint on the rest mass m_{\gamma} of photons is a fundamental way to test Einstein's theory,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-03 Bo Zhang , Ya-Ting Chai , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Xue-Feng Wu

The brightest long gamma-ray burst detected so far by the Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM telescopes, GRB~221009A, provides an unprecedented opportunity for understanding the high-energy processes in extreme transient phenomena. We find that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-07 Saikat Das , Soebur Razzaque

The gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, known as the ``brightest-of-all-time" (BOAT), is the closest energetic burst detected so far, with an energy of $E_{\gamma,\rm iso} \sim 10^{55}$ ergs. This study aims to assess its compatibility with known…

We study the emission observed at energies greater than 100 MeV of 11 Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) until October 2009. The GeV emission has three main properties: (i) its duration is often longer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 G. Ghisellini , G. Ghirlanda , L. Nava , A. Celotti

The Fermi observatory, with its Gamma-Ray Bursts monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT), is observing Gamma-ray Bursts with unprecedented spectral coverage and sensitivity, from ~10 keV to > 300 GeV. In the first 3 years of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-27 Giacomo Vianello

High-energy gamma-ray (>GeV) emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is very important in probing the jet evolution and particle acceleration of GRBs. The observations of high-energy photons are limited except for a few very bright GRBs,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-11 Shi Chen , Qiang Yuan , Yi-Qing Guo , Ben-Zhong Dai , He Gao , Bing Zhang

Data from four Fermi-detected gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is used to set limits on spectral dispersion of electromagnetic radiation across the universe. The analysis focuses on photons recorded above 1 GeV for Fermi detected GRB 080916C, GRB…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Robert J. Nemiroff , Ryan Connolly , Justin Holmes , Alexander B. Kostinski

In many theoretical models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows, the emission of photons above 100 GeV is predicted. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected delayed, high-energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Taylor Aune

We process the Fermi LAT data on GRB130427A using the Fermi Science Tools, and we summarize some of the key facts that render this observation truly remarkable, especially concerning the quality of information on high-energy emission by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-24 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia , Fabrizio Fiore , Dafne Guetta , Simonetta Puccetti

We report on the observation of the bright, long gamma-ray burst, GRB 090902B, by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on-board the Fermi observatory. This was one of the brightest GRBs to have been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-19 GBM collaboration , LAT Collaboration , The Swift Team

The brightest gamma ray burst (GRB) ever observed, GRB221009A, produced a surprisingly large flux of gamma rays with multi-TeV energies, which are expected to be absorbed in interactions with extragalactic background light (EBL). If the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-16 Oleg Kalashev , Felix Aharonian , Warren Essey , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Alexander Kusenko

We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 seconds which smoothly transitions to afterglow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-09 S. Lesage , P. Veres , M. S. Briggs , A. Goldstein , D. Kocevski , E. Burns , C. A. Wilson-Hodge , P. N. Bhat , D. Huppenkothen , C. L. Fryer , R. Hamburg , J. Racusin , E. Bissaldi , W. H. Cleveland , S. Dalessi , C. Fletcher , M. M. Giles , B. A. Hristov , C. M. Hui , B. Mailyan , C. Malacaria , S. Poolakkil , O. J. Roberts , A. von Kienlin , J. Wood , M. Ajello , M. Arimoto , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , M. G. Baring , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra Gonzalez , R. Bellazzini , E. Bissaldi , R. D. Blandford , R. Bonino , P. Bruel , S. Buson , R. A. Cameron , R. Caputo , P. A. Caraveo , E. Cavazzuti , G. Chiaro , N. Cibrario , S. Ciprini , P. Cristarella Orestano , M. Crnogorcevic , A. Cuoco , S. Cutini , F. DAmmando , S. De Gaetano , N. Di Lalla , L. Di Venere , A. Dominguez , S. J. Fegan , E. C. Ferrara , H. Fleischhack , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , P. Fusco , G. Galanti , V. Gammaldi , F. Gargano , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , S. Germani , F. Giacchino , N. Giglietto , R. Gill , M. Giroletti , J. Granot , D. Green , I. A. Grenier , S. Guiriec , M. Gustafsson , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , D. Horan , X. Hou , M. Kuss , L. Latronico , A. Laviron , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. Li , I. Liodakis , F. Longo , F. Loparco , L. Lorusso , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , A. Manfreda , G. Marti-Devesa , M. N. Mazziotta , J. E. McEnery , I. Mereu , M. Meyer , P. F. Michelson , T. Mizuno , M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli , I. V. Moskalenko , M. Negro , E. Nuss , N. Omodei , E. Orlando , J. F. Ormes , D. Paneque , G. Panzarini , M. Persic , M. Pesce-Rollins , R. Pillera , F. Piron , H. Poon , T. A. Porter , G. Principe , S. Raino , R. Rando , B. Rani , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , F. Ryde , M. Sanchez-Conde , P. M. Saz Parkinson , L. Scotton , D. Serini , C. Sgro , V. Sharma , E. J. Siskind , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , H. Tajima , D. F. Torres , J. Valverde , T. Venters , Z. Wadiasingh , K. Wood , G. Zaharijas
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