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Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is widely employed for modeling combinatorial optimization problems. In practice, similar MILP instances with only coefficient variations are routinely solved, and machine learning (ML) algorithms are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Qingyu Han , Linxin Yang , Qian Chen , Xiang Zhou , Dong Zhang , Akang Wang , Ruoyu Sun , Xiaodong Luo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to predict properties and heuristics of mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) and hence accelerate MILP solvers. This paper investigates the capacity of GNNs to represent strong branching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Ziang Chen , Jialin Liu , Xiaohan Chen , Xinshang Wang , Wotao Yin

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) technology offers a generic way of formulating and solving combinatorial optimization problems. While generally reliable, state-of-the-art MIP solvers base many crucial decisions on hand-crafted heuristics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Elias B. Khalil , Christopher Morris , Andrea Lodi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for ``learning to branch'' in Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP). While standard Message-Passing GNNs (MPNNs) are efficient, they theoretically lack the expressive power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Junru Zhou , Yicheng Wang , Pan Li

ReLU neural networks have been modelled as constraints in mixed integer linear programming (MILP), enabling surrogate-based optimisation in various domains and efficient solution of machine learning certification problems. However, previous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Tom McDonald , Calvin Tsay , Artur M. Schweidtmann , Neil Yorke-Smith

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) stands as a notable NP-hard problem pivotal to numerous crucial industrial applications. The development of effective algorithms, the tuning of solvers, and the training of machine learning models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Haoyu Wang , Jialin Liu , Xiaohan Chen , Xinshang Wang , Pan Li , Wotao Yin

We proposes a novel method that enables Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to solve SAT problems by leveraging a technique developed for applying GNNs to Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Specifically, k-CNF formulae are mapped into MILP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Franco Alberto Cardillo , Hamza Khyari , Umberto Straccia

Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) are essential tools for solving planning and scheduling problems across critical industries such as construction, manufacturing, and logistics. However, their widespread adoption is limited by long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xiaoke Wang , Batuhan Altundas , Zhaoxin Li , Aaron Zhao , Matthew Gombolay

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), a widely used modeling framework for combinatorial optimization, are central to many scientific and engineering applications, yet remains computationally challenging at scale. Recent advances in deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Peixin Huang , Yaoxin Wu , Yining Ma , Cathy Wu , Wen Song , Wei Zhang

Modern Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solvers use the Branch-and-Bound algorithm together with a plethora of auxiliary components that speed up the search. In recent years, there has been an explosive development in the use of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Lara Scavuzzo , Karen Aardal , Neil Yorke-Smith

Mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) are extensively used to model practical problems such as planning and scheduling. A prominent method for solving MILPs is large neighborhood search (LNS), which iteratively seeks improved solutions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Wenbo Liu , Akang Wang , Wenguo Yang , Qingjiang Shi

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a cornerstone of combinatorial optimization, yet solving large-scale instances remains a significant computational challenge. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianle Pu , Jianing Li , Yingying Gao , Shixuan Liu , Zijie Geng , Haoyang Liu , Chao Chen , Changjun Fan

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are very popular these days, and are the subject of a very intense investigation. A DNN is made by layers of internal units (or neurons), each of which computes an affine combination of the output of the units in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Matteo Fischetti , Jason Jo

Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) are highly flexible and powerful tools for modeling and solving complex real-world combinatorial optimization problems. Recently, machine learning (ML)-guided approaches have demonstrated significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junyang Cai , Taoan Huang , Bistra Dilkina

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a foundational tool for complex decision-making problems. However, the NP-hard nature of MILP presents a significant computational challenge, motivating the development of machine learning-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Hongpei Li , Hui Yuan , Han Zhang , Jianghao Lin , Dongdong Ge , Mengdi Wang , Yinyu Ye

Learning to optimize is a rapidly growing area that aims to solve optimization problems or improve existing optimization algorithms using machine learning (ML). In particular, the graph neural network (GNN) is considered a suitable ML model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ziang Chen , Jialin Liu , Xinshang Wang , Jianfeng Lu , Wotao Yin

A recent Graph Neural Network (GNN) approach for learning to branch has been shown to successfully reduce the running time of branch-and-bound algorithms for Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). While the GNN relies on a GPU for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Prateek Gupta , Maxime Gasse , Elias B. Khalil , M. Pawan Kumar , Andrea Lodi , Yoshua Bengio

Recently, machine learning, particularly message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs), has gained traction in enhancing exact optimization algorithms. For example, MPNNs speed up solving mixed-integer optimization problems by imitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chendi Qian , Didier Chételat , Christopher Morris

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a pillar of mathematical optimization that offers a powerful modeling language for a wide range of applications. During the past decades, enormous algorithmic progress has been made in solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Lara Scavuzzo , Karen Aardal , Andrea Lodi , Neil Yorke-Smith

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is essential for modeling complex decision-making problems but faces challenges in computational tractability and requires expert formulation. Current deep learning approaches for MILP focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sirui Li , Janardhan Kulkarni , Ishai Menache , Cathy Wu , Beibin Li
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