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Related papers: Proximal Learning With Opponent-Learning Awareness

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We propose a new framework for imitation learning -- treating imitation as a two-player ranking-based game between a policy and a reward. In this game, the reward agent learns to satisfy pairwise performance rankings between behaviors,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Harshit Sikchi , Akanksha Saran , Wonjoon Goo , Scott Niekum

Ensuring AI models align with human values is essential for their safety and functionality. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) leverages human preferences to achieve this alignment. However, when preferences are sourced from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Ryan Bahlous-Boldi , Li Ding , Lee Spector , Scott Niekum

We present a multi-agent learning algorithm, ALMA-Learning, for efficient and fair allocations in large-scale systems. We circumvent the traditional pitfalls of multi-agent learning (e.g., the moving target problem, the curse of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Panayiotis Danassis , Florian Wiedemair , Boi Faltings

Forward-only learning algorithms have recently gained attention as alternatives to gradient backpropagation, replacing the backward step of this latter solver with an additional contrastive forward pass. Among these approaches, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Erik B. Terres-Escudero , Javier Del Ser , Pablo Garcia-Bringas

Lead optimization in drug discovery requires efficiently navigating vast chemical space through iterative cycles to enhance molecular properties while preserving structural similarity to the original lead compound. Despite recent advances,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziqing Wang , Yibo Wen , William Pattie , Xiao Luo , Weimin Wu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Abhishek Pandey , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

We address the question of how to successively add new knowledge to an LLM whilst retaining previously-added knowledge. We consider two settings, semi-cooperative and fully-cooperative. Overall, LoRA performs better in most cases than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rhui Dih Lee , Laura Wynter

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a widely used reinforcement learning algorithm that heavily relies on accurate advantage estimates for stable and efficient training. However, raw advantage signals can exhibit significant variance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Soham Sane

Learning a reward function from human preferences is challenging as it typically requires having a high-fidelity simulator or using expensive and potentially unsafe actual physical rollouts in the environment. However, in many tasks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Daniel Shin , Daniel S. Brown , Anca D. Dragan

Opponent modeling is necessary in multi-agent settings where secondary agents with competing goals also adapt their strategies, yet it remains challenging because strategies interact with each other and change. Most previous work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 He He , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Kevin Kwok , Hal Daumé

Learning Automata (LA) are considered as one of the most powerful tools in the field of reinforcement learning. The family of estimator algorithms is proposed to improve the convergence rate of LA and has made great achievements. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Chong Di

Learning a reward function from human preferences is challenging as it typically requires having a high-fidelity simulator or using expensive and potentially unsafe actual physical rollouts in the environment. However, in many tasks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Daniel Shin , Anca D. Dragan , Daniel S. Brown

Policy learning (PL) is a module of a task-oriented dialogue system that trains an agent to make actions in each dialogue turn. Imitating human action is a fundamental problem of PL. However, both supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhoujian Sun , Chenyang Zhao , Zhengxing Huang , Nai Ding

Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Junbo Li , Peng Zhou , Rui Meng , Meet P. Vadera , Lihong Li , Yang Li

Despite large neural networks demonstrating remarkable abilities to complete different tasks, they require excessive memory usage to store the optimization states for training. To alleviate this, the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yongchang Hao , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning has shown promise for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in robotic manipulation, but deployment-time visual shifts pose practical challenges. A key difficulty is that standard task rewards supervise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuanfang Peng , Jingjing Fu , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Mingyu Liu , Ling Zhang , Jun Zhang , Rui Wang

In this paper, we study the problem of networked multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where a number of agents are deployed as a partially connected network and each interacts only with nearby agents. Networked MARL requires all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yuxuan Yi , Ge Li , Yaowei Wang , Zongqing Lu

Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) is an established and effective policy gradient algorithm used for Language Model Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (LM-RLHF). PPO performs well empirically but has a heuristic motivation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jason R Brown , Lennie Wells , Edward James Young , Sergio Bacallado

Applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems is often made challenging by the inability to interact with the environment and the difficulty of designing reward functions. Offline RL addresses the first challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Alizée Pace , Bernhard Schölkopf , Gunnar Rätsch , Giorgia Ramponi

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit strong generalization in robotic manipulation, yet reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning often degrades robustness under spatial distribution shifts. For flow-matching VLA policies, this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xu Pan , Zhenglin Wan , Xingrui Yu , Xianwei Zheng , Youkai Ke , Ming Sun , Rui Wang , Ziwei Wang , Ivor Tsang

We propose a new family of policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning, which alternate between sampling data through interaction with the environment, and optimizing a "surrogate" objective function using stochastic gradient ascent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-29 John Schulman , Filip Wolski , Prafulla Dhariwal , Alec Radford , Oleg Klimov